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Dr. shahzad pitafi, Village Abdul Hakeem pitafi, Ghotki (2025)

30/08/2025

انٽي بائيوٽڪس جو غير ضروري استعمال اهڙا بيڪٽيريا جنم ڏئي رهيو آهي، جن تي ڪا به انٽي بائيوٽڪ اثر نٿي ڪري. هي آهي اها تباهي، جيڪا عطائي ڊاڪٽر ۽ نيم حڪيم کڻي اچن ٿا. هر بيماري ۾ انٽي بائيوٽڪس لکي ڏين ٿا، حالانڪه کين انٽي بائيوٽڪس جي ABC جي به خبر ناهي.

انٽي بائيوٽڪس ريزسٽنٽس يعني جراثيم کي مارڻ واري دوائن جي خلاف مزاحمت تڏهن پيدا ٿئي ٿي، جڏهن انٽي بائيوٽڪس جو ضرورت کان وڌيڪ استعمال ڪيو وڃي ٿو يا ڪورس مڪمل ڪرڻ کان اڳ دوا بند ڪئي وڃي ٿي.

ماضي ۾ ٽي بي جون دوائون وقت کان اڳ بند ڪرڻ سبب ملٽي ڊرگ ريزسٽنٽ بيڪٽيريا پيدا ٿيا، ان کانپوءِ ايڪسٽريم ڊرگ ريزسٽنٽ ۽ اڄڪلهه ٽوٽل ڊرگ ريزسٽنٽ اسٽرينس به اچي ويا آهن.

سال 2016 ۾ پاڪستان جي شهر حيدرآباد ۾ ٽائيفائيڊ جو XDR ويريئنٽ سامهون آيو، جيڪو انٽي بائيوٽڪس دوائن جي فضول استعمال جي ڪري ٿيو. اندازو لڳايو ته پاڪستان ۾ انٽي بائيوٽڪس کي ڪيترو نه غلط استعمال يا چئجي ته غير ضروري استعمال ڪيو وڃي ٿو.

ڊاڪٽرن کان هٿ جوڙي عرض آهي ته مهرباني ڪري هر مريض کي فضول ۾ دوائون، خاص طور تي انٽي بائيوٽڪس نه لکي ڏيو. ان سان هڪ ته معاشي بار وڌي ٿو ۽ ٻيو ته صحت جي تباهي ٿئي ٿي، جيئن ته هن رپورٽ ۾ ڏسي سگهجي ٿو ته ڪا به انٽي بائيوٽڪ دوا اثرائتي ناهي. اهڙي صورت ۾ علاج انتھائي ڏکيو ٿي پوي ٿو.

ڊاڪٽر عجب گل رند بلوچ ₹

16/08/2025

BVD - diarrhoea virus disease
(Bovine Viral Diarrhoea)

What is BVD ?

It is a highly infectious viral disease that affects cows, affecting several devices in the body, starting from the digestive system to the reproductive and immune system.
It comes in two major forms:
1. The sharp shape ( acute )
2. Chronic form - where the animal remains pregnant with the virus for life (PI animals)

Why is it so dangerous ?

Because of the diseases that:

• Abortion causes in pregnant cows
• The immune system weakens, which makes the animal susceptible to any other infection
• Leads to the outburst of newborn calves
• And the most dangerous ? Animals carrying the virus have chronically been an ongoing source of infection transmission without apparent symptoms

Clinical Symptoms :

• Bloody diarrhoea or mucus
• ulcers in the mouth
• temperature rise and weight loss
• Abortion and fertility issues
• And in some cases: respiratory problems, eye infections, and sudden death in calves

- Methods of Diagnosis:
• PCR CHECK UP OR ELISA
• Isolate the virus from blood or tissue
• Antibody Analysis

Prevention:

• Periodic and regular fortification
• Isolation of new or suspected animals
• Immediate disposal of chronic pregnancy animals (PI animals)
• Applying a health management system for the herd

Economic losses:

• Reproductive losses (abortion, delayed fertility)
• Weakness in growth and increased expenditure rate
• Decrease in milk production
• The cost of treatment, isolation, and productivity losses

- Not just a disease... But a continuous losses project if he enters!
- The lens of a veterinary student

07/08/2025

🐄 ریبیز وائرس گائے میں – ایک مہلک بیماری 🦠

ریبیز ایک خطرناک وائرل بیماری ہے جو زیادہ تر متاثرہ جانور (کتے، بلی، لومڑی، چمگادڑ وغیرہ) کے کاٹنے سے پھیلتی ہے۔ یہ وائرس اعصابی نظام (Nervous System) پر حملہ کرتا ہے۔

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📌 1. پھیلاؤ (Transmission)

ریبیز وائرس متاثرہ جانور کے لعاب (saliva) سے پھیلتا ہے:

خاص طور پر کاٹنے سے

یا کھلے زخم، آنکھ، ناک یا منہ سے لعاب کے رابطے سے

یہ وائرس رگوں کے ذریعے دماغ تک پہنچ کر علامات ظاہر کرتا ہے۔

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📌 2. علامات (Symptoms)

گائے میں ریبیز کی دو اقسام ہوتی ہیں:

A. غصیلہ (Furious Form)

گائے چڑچڑی، غصیلی اور بے چین ہو جاتی ہے

اچانک سینگ مارنا، لات مارنا یا حملہ کرنا

نگلنے میں مشکل

منہ سے زیادہ لعاب کا بہنا

بار بار آواز نکالنا

پانی سے ڈرنا (Hydrophobia)

B. شل یا فالج والی قسم (Dumb/Paralytic Form)

پیچھے سے ٹانگیں شل ہونا شروع

کھانے پینے سے انکار

آخر میں سانس بند ہونے سے موت

🔴 نوٹ: ایک بار علامات ظاہر ہو جائیں تو بچانا تقریباً ناممکن ہوتا ہے۔

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📌 3. تشخیص (Diagnosis)

جانور کے کاٹنے یا حملہ کرنے کی تاریخ

واضح علامات: جارحیت، لعاب، فالج

لیبارٹری ٹیسٹ: مرنے کے بعد دماغ میں Negri bodies کی جانچ

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📌 4. علاج (Treatment)

❌ کوئی علاج نہیں!
علامات ظاہر ہونے کے بعد ریبیز کا کوئی مؤثر علاج نہیں۔

✅ متاثرہ گائے کو فوراً علیحدہ کر دیں تاکہ بیماری نہ پھیلے۔

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📌 5. بچاؤ (Prevention)

ریبیز سے بچاؤ مکمل ممکن ہے ویکسین کے ذریعے۔

A. جانوروں کی ویکسینیشن

تمام گایوں کو سال میں ایک بار ریبیز ویکسین لگوائیں۔

اگر کسی گائے کو کتا کاٹ لے:

1. زخم کو فوری طور پر 10-15 منٹ تک صابن اور پانی سے دھوئیں۔

2. فوراً ریبیز ویکسین کی مکمل خوراک لگوائیں۔

3. ویٹرنری ڈاکٹر کے مشورے سے Rabies Immunoglobulin (RIG) بھی لگوایا جا سکتا ہے۔

B. کاٹنے والے جانوروں کا کنٹرول

آوارہ کتوں کی ویکسینیشن کریں

متاثرہ جانور کو فوراً الگ کریں

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📌 6. انسانوں کے لیے احتیاط

متاثرہ گائے کی دیکھ بھال کرتے ہوئے دستانے پہنیں۔

اگر لعاب یا خون سے رابطہ ہو جائے تو فوراً انسانوں کے لیے اینٹی ریبیز انجکشن لگوائیں۔

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✅ نتیجہ

ریبیز کا کوئی علاج نہیں — صرف بروقت ویکسینیشن اور احتیاطی تدابیر سے ہی بچاؤ ممکن ہے۔
اپنی گایوں اور انسانوں کی جان بچانے کے لیے بروقت قدم اٹھائیں۔

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🔖 ہیش ٹیگ برائے شعور بیداری:
#گائےکیصحت #گائےبچاؤ

#پشوپالن #گاؤپالک

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👨‍⚕️ پیشکش: Al.shifa veterinary clinic sarhad
💉 ہم سے ریبیز ویکسین دستیاب ہے - آج ہی رابطہ کریں

26/07/2025

WHEN COWS EAT PLASTIC (BAGS)

plastics are indigestible hence when eaten by a cows they pile up in the stomach,sometimes they may get entangled with other materials and form a hard ball piece.cattle digestive system is complex(4 stomachs) making it very difficult for the material to pass out together with dung,cows will be able to live normally with these materials but the problem arises when there's obstruction.
Note: cows will also eat other foreign materials eg metals like nails,rubber, ropes and other inorganic litter

SOURCES OF PLASTICS IN A FARM:

1.Hay bale wrap-big culprit especially in zero grazing
2.Mineral,feeds and other supplements wrap
3.Material blown in by wind
4.Generally from household

WHY THEY EAT PLASTICS:

1.Mineral starvation - Major cause
2.Environment-when the animal has to look for food in garbage or tethered on the roadside where plastics bag are at their disposal
3.curiosity

SIGNS

1.The animal become weak and tired
2.Goes off feed
3.At times experiences bloat due to stomach blockage.
4.The animal may also start drinking a lot of water.
5.Eventually the cow will lose body condition and in turn lose productivity.
6.Death may result

INTERVENTIONS

Theres are no drugs that will destroy plastics while in the stomach,
1.The most sure method is physical removal through surgery by a vet.
2.Some people have also been lucky by using laxative eg large quantities of Mineral oil which smoothen and ease passage with waste
3.Cull

PREVENTION

1.Ensure the surrounding is clean
2.Enough Mineral supplementation eg with supaphos kiwination
3.Ensure you dispose Hay wraps /twins after unwrapping when feeding.

26/07/2025

The Beauty of Art

26/07/2025

Chicken/Goat/Rabbit/Cow Comparative Nutrition Needs:
===========================================

COMPARATIVE NUTRITIONAL NEEDS OF CHICKEN, GOAT, RABBIT, AND COW

UNDERSTANDING WHAT EACH ANIMAL NEEDS TO GROW WELL

- Chickens need proteins like soybean meal or fish meal to grow strong and lay eggs. They also need grains like maize for energy.

- Goats eat mostly grass, shrubs, and leaves. They need minerals like salt and calcium to stay healthy and produce milk.

- Rabbits enjoy fresh vegetables and grasses. They need fiber to help with digestion and clean water daily.

- Cows eat grass, hay, and silage. They need lots of protein and energy to produce milk and stay strong for farm work.

DIFFERENCES IN FEEDING ROUTINES

- Chickens eat small amounts many times a day.
Their feed must be clean and dry.

- Goats browse and graze.
They eat at their own pace and like to eat different types of plants.

- Rabbits eat often, especially early morning and evening.
They chew slowly and like leafy greens.

- Cows eat large amounts and drink lots of water.
They need balanced meals for strength and milk production.

FEED COST AND FARM MANAGEMENT

- Chicken feed is easier to buy but can be costly if not bought in bulk.

- Goats feed on naturally available plants, saving money if you have enough grazing land.

- Rabbit feed can come from household vegetable scraps, making it affordable.

- Cow feeding can be expensive due to the amount they eat and extra supplements.

WRAPPING IT UP

Understanding what each animal eats helps farmers plan better and save money. Give them the right food, and they’ll thank you with eggs, milk, meat—or just good vibes on the farm.

Stay grounded, stay growing 🌾🐔🐐🐇🐄

26/07/2025

پیشاب کی بندش ایک خطرناک حالت ہے جو اکثر نر جانوروں (بیل، بکرا، بکرا بچہ) میں دیکھی جاتی ہے، خاص طور پر جب وہ زیادہ طاقتور خوراک کھا لیں۔
یہ حالت جلدی پہچانی نہ جائے تو گردے فیل ہو سکتے ہیں، جانور مر بھی سکتا ہے۔

⸻

⚠️ وجوہات (Causes):
• بہت زیادہ پروٹین والی خوراک (مکئی، سویابین، چوکر وغیرہ)
• پانی کی کمی
• نمکیات کا عدم توازن
• پتھری بن جانا (Bladder stones)
• یوریتھرا (پیشاب کی نالی) میں سوزش یا رکاوٹ

⸻

🧪 تشخیص (علامات):
• جانور بار بار پیشاب کی کوشش کرے مگر پیشاب نہ نکلے 🚫
• پیٹ پھول جاتا ہے
• جانور بے چین ہو جاتا ہے، دم ہلاتا ہے یا بار بار بیٹھنے-اٹھنے لگتا ہے 😟
• پیچھے والے پاؤں پیچھے سکیڑ کر کھڑا ہوتا ہے
• بعض اوقات پیشاب کے قطرے قطرے آتے ہیں
• زیادہ دیر تک بندش ہو تو جانور لیٹ جاتا ہے، سانس تیز ہو جاتی ہے

⸻

💉 علاج (Treatment):

✅ فوری ویٹرنری ڈاکٹر سے رجوع کریں
✅ جانور کو مخصوص کیتھٹر کے ذریعے پیشاب نکالا جاتا ہے
✅ سوزش کم کرنے والی ادویات
✅ نمک اور پانی کا متوازن استعمال
✅ بعض کیسز میں سرجری کی ضرورت پڑتی ہے (اگر پتھری ہو)
✅ وقتی طور پر خوراک بند کر کے صرف پانی دیا جاتا ہے

⸻

🛡️ بچاؤ (Prevention):

🔹 جانور کو ہر وقت تازہ پانی مہیا کریں 💧
🔹 خوراک میں کیلشیم، فاسفورس، نمک کا توازن رکھیں
🔹 دانہ یا چوکر وغیرہ کو پانی میں بھگو کر دیں
🔹 پروٹین والی خوراک کی مقدار کم کریں
🔹 ہفتے میں ایک بار پیشاب کی حالت کا معائنہ ک

06/06/2025

Gestation period of a cat
Dr.shahzad kahn pitafi
Cont.03077368468

06/06/2025

Dr.shahzad khan pitafi
cont.03077368468

Hormones play a vital role in every stage of an animal's life - from growth and development to reproduction and survival. These chemical messengers are produced by endocrine glands and travel through the bloodstream to regulate body functions.

1. Growth and Development
Growth hormone (GH), secreted by the pituitary gland, is essential for the growth of bones and tissues in young animals. It stimulates protein synthesis and helps in the utilization of fat for energy. Thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) also regulate metabolism, ensuring proper development of the nervous system and body temperature regulation.

Example: Calves with GH deficiency may show stunted growth and poor muscle development.

2. Metabolism and Homeostasis
Insulin and glucagon, produced by the pancreas, maintain blood glucose balance. Cortisol, a steroid hormone from the adrenal gland, helps animals cope with stress and regulates energy metabolism.

Example: In diabetic animals, insulin imbalance can lead to lethargy, weight loss, and excessive thirst.

3. Reproductive Hormones
Reproduction in animals is controlled by a complex hormonal system. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) from the hypothalamus triggers the release of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) from the pituitary gland. These hormones regulate ovarian and testicular functions.

In females: Estrogen and progesterone control the estrous cycle, ovulation, and pregnancy.

In males: Testosterone regulates s***m production and secondary sexual characteristics.

Example: A deficiency in progesterone may lead to early embryonic loss in cattle.

4. Maternal Behavior and Lactation
Prolactin and oxytocin are key hormones involved in maternal behavior and milk production. Prolactin stimulates milk synthesis, while oxytocin causes milk let-down in response to suckling.

Example: Oxytocin injections are often used in veterinary practice to assist with milk let-down in animals that are stressed or uncooperative.

Conclusion
Hormones are fundamental to the health, reproduction, and productivity of animals. Understanding their roles helps veterinarians diagnose disorders and improve animal management and welfare.

Scientific Reference
Sjaastad, Ø.V., Hove, K., & Sand, O. (2010). Physiology of Domestic Animals (2nd ed.). Scandinavian Veterinary Press.

National Research Council. (1996). Nutrient Requirements of Domestic Animals. National Academies Press.

Figure 1. Oxytocin action on the smooth muscle cells in the myometrium.

06/06/2025

How to know when your cow is ready for breeding
Dr.shahzad khan pitafi
Cont.03077368468

02/06/2025

The deadly disease

Anthrax, a highly infectious and FATAL DISEASES of MAMMALS and HUMANS, is caused by a relatively large spore-forming rectangular shaped bacterium called Bacillus anthracis.

Anthrax occurs on all the continents, causes acute mortality in ruminants and is a zoonosis. The bacteria produce extremely potent toxins which are responsible for the ill effects, causing a high mortality rate. While most mammals are susceptible, anthrax is typically a disease of ruminants and humans.

It does not typically spread from animal to animal nor from person to person. The bacteria produce spores on contact with oxygen.

Clinical Signs
Sudden death (often within 2 or 3 hours of being apparently normal) is by far the most common sign;
Very occasionally some animals may show trembling, a high temperature, difficulty breathing, collapse and convulsions before death. This usually occurs over a period of 24 hours;
After death blood may not clot, resulting in a small amount of bloody discharge from the nose, mouth and other openings/
Diagnosis
On the clinical signs described above;
Rod-shaped bacteria surrounded by a capsule are visible in blood smears made from surface blood vessels
Post-mortem examinations should not be undertaken on suspected anthrax cases (including any cow that has died suddenly for no apparent reason) until a blood smear has proved negative);
If a carcass is opened accidentally, the spleen is usually swollen and there is bloodstained fluid in all body cavities.
Treatment
Due to the rapidity of the disease treatment is seldom possible, although high doses of penicillin have been effective in the later stages of some outbreaks.

Prevention
Infection is usually acquired through the ingestion of contaminated soil, fodder or compound feed. Anthrax spores in the soil are very resistant and can cause disease when ingested even years after an outbreak. The spores are brought to the surface by wet weather, or by deep tilling, and when ingested or inhaled by ruminants the disease reappears.

Where an outbreak has occurred, carcases must be disposed of properly, the carcase should not be open (exposure to oxygen will allow the bacteria to form spores) and premises should be quarantined until all susceptible animals are vaccinated.

Vaccination in endemic areas is very important. Although vaccination will prevent outbreaks veterinary services sometimes fail to vaccinate when the disease has not appeared for several years. But because the spores survive for such lengthy periods, the risk is always present.

Anthrax is a disease listed in the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) Terrestrial Animal Health Code, 2011, (Article 1.2.3) and must be reported to the OIE (Chapter 1.1.2 – Notification of Diseases and Epidemiological Information).

17/05/2025

Dr.shahzad khan pitafi
Cont.03077368468

Udder Conformation in Dairy Cattle: Key to Health and Milk Yield

Udder structure plays a crucial role in a cow’s milk production, udder health, and overall economic value. Based on the illustrated image, various udder types are shown—some ideal and others undesirable.

Ideal Udder (Good):

Well-balanced with proper height and width.

Teats are moderately sized and correctly positioned.

Indicates good milk production, ease of milking, and reduced risk of mastitis.

Non-Ideal Udder Types:

1. Bad Front Attachment:
Poor attachment at the front; tends to sag over time, leading to structural and health issues.

2. Pocket Udder:
Deep-set udder with pockets that retain milk, increasing the risk of mastitis.

3. Bottle Teats:
Oversized and elongated teats that complicate machine or hand milking.

4. Too Bulbous:
Overly rounded udder, which may affect even milk distribution and milking efficiency.

5. Undefined:
Lack of clear division between quarters, which can interfere with proper milk flow.

6. Too Small:
Limited milk-holding capacity, resulting in reduced production.

7. Too High:
High rear attachment; may pose challenges for milking and udder support.

8. One-Sided:
Only one side of the udder is active or developed, causing production imbalance.

9. Uneven:
Mismatched quarters in size or shape, affecting milk drainage and health.

10. Too Divided:
Excessive separation between udder halves, indicating weak udder structure.

Conclusion:
Evaluating udder conformation is essential in breeding, selection, and herd management. A well-formed udder supports optimal milk production, reduces disease risks, and improves animal welfare.

Dr. shahzad pitafi

30/08/2025

16/08/2025

07/08/2025

26/07/2025

26/07/2025

26/07/2025

26/07/2025

06/06/2025

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02/06/2025

17/05/2025

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