Dr-Munib urrahman Sehat physiotherapy clinic

10/01/2025

Edinburgh city

14/07/2024

⬇️ physiotherapy in Shoulder pain
Physical therapy is a highly effective treatment for shoulder pain, focusing on restoring strength, mobility, and function. Here are some common physical therapy approaches for shoulder pain:

1. _Assessment_: A thorough evaluation to identify the underlying cause of shoulder pain, including strength, range of motion, and movement patterns.

2. _Pain management_: Modalities like heat, cold, electrical stimulation, and ultrasound to reduce pain and inflammation.

3. _Stretching and exercises_: Targeted exercises to improve flexibility, strength, and range of motion in the shoulder joint and surrounding muscles.

4. _Manual therapy_: Techniques like joint mobilization, and soft tissue mobilization to reduce scar tissue, improve mobility, and relieve pain.

5. _Strengthening programs_: Customized exercises to strengthen the rotator cuff, scapular stabilizers, and other shoulder muscles.

6. _Posture correction_: Education on proper posture and body mechanics to reduce strain on the shoulder joint.

7. _Functional training_: Exercises and activities tailored to improve daily functioning and performance.

8. _Modalities_: Physical therapists may use modalities like shockwave therapy, low-level laser therapy, or platelet-rich plasma therapy to promote healing and reduce pain.

9. _Core stabilization_: Strengthening the core muscles to improve overall stability and reduce stress on the shoulder joint.

10. _Education_: Physical therapists teach patients proper exercises, stretches, and techniques to manage and prevent future shoulder pain.

By addressing the underlying causes of shoulder pain, physical therapy helps restore optimal function, reducing pain and improving overall quality of life. A physical therapist will create a personalized treatment plan based on individual needs and goals.

14/07/2024

🎯Lateral epicondylitis:
Also known as tennis elbow, is a common condition that affects the tendons attaching to the lateral epicondyle of the humerus. Physical therapy plays a crucial role in treating lateral epicondylitis. Here are some physical therapy treatment approaches:

1. *Pain management*: Modalities like heat, cold, electrical stimulation, and ultrasound may be used to reduce pain and inflammation.

2. *Stretching and exercises*: Gentle stretching and strengthening exercises target the wrist extensors, flexors, and forearm muscles to improve flexibility and strength.

3. *Manual therapy*: Techniques like massage, joint mobilization, and soft tissue mobilization help reduce scar tissue, improve range of motion, and relieve pain.

4. *Modalities*: Physical therapists may use modalities like shockwave therapy, low-level laser therapy, or platelet-rich plasma therapy to promote healing and reduce pain.

5. *Ergonomic modifications*: Therapists educate patients on proper posture, grip, and lifting techniques to reduce strain on the affected arm.

6. *Progressive loading*: Gradually increasing exercises and activities help strengthen the affected tissues and improve functional ability.

7. *Core stabilization*: Strengthening the core muscles helps improve overall stability and reduces stress on the affected arm.

8. *Education*: Physical therapists teach patients proper warm-up and cool-down techniques, as well as strategies to prevent re-injury.

The goal of physical therapy is to alleviate pain, restore function, and prevent future episodes of lateral epicondylitis. A physical therapist will create a personalized treatment plan based on the individual's specific needs and goals.

14/07/2024

if you have any joint pain, movement limitations, muscular pain and sports injuries. please reach me through whatsap I will provide guidance.

06/06/2024

✍️✍️✍️✍️Flat feet ✍️✍️✍️✍️

What is adult acquired flatfoot?
Adult acquired flat foot is a condition where the main arch of the foot loses its height giving the appearance that the foot sits flat on the floor.

How common is adult acquired flatfoot?

Posterior tibialis tendon dysfunction is the most common cause of adult acquired flatfoot and is described in 4 stages (4).

Stage 1- the tendon is intact and, to some degree, functioning (it can be inflamed).

Stage 2- the tendon has become dysfunctional and the foot has developed an acquired flatfoot deformity, but the deformity is passively correctable.

Stage 3- the foot deformity has become fixed and degenerative changes are seen in the subtalar joint.

Stage 4- occurs when degenerative changes are also present in the ankle joint as well as the subtalar joint.

The main function of the posterior tibialis muscle is to provide dynamic stabilisation of the inner arch of the foot. This initial dysfunction can lead to a cascade of worsening pathological events, therefore early diagnosis may be important in delaying or preventing worsening symptoms associated with this condition.

2. Signs & Symptoms
Often the pain will start along your instep of the foot with pain developing behind the inner ankle bone and up the inner aspect of your leg. You may have difficulty walking, with a generalised ache which may exacerbate throughout the day. A defining symptom is often an inability or difficulty to heel rise (go up on tiptoes) because your tibialis posterior tendon has a reduced capacity to perform this effectively. As symptoms and the condition deteriorate, inner ankle pain may be followed by pain on the outside of the ankle also, resulting from biomechanical changes.

3. Causes
The dysfunction of the posterior tibial tendon is a multifactorial process and can be difficult to attribute to a single cause. In many patients, there is a pre-existing flatfoot and many patients are also overweight, leading to increased stress on the tendon (1).

Episodes of previous trauma, corticosteroid injections, arthritis, neuromuscular conditions and diabetes all increase the risk of the development of the condition (1).

4. Risk Factors
This is not an exhaustive list. These factors could increase the likelihood of someone developing adult acquired flat foot. It does not mean everyone with these risk factors will develop symptoms.

Increased weight

Previous injury to the foot/ankle

Genetics

Lack of strength in the intrinsic (small) muscles of the feet

5. Prevalence
Adult acquired flatfoot is more common in middle-aged adults, particularly females with an elevated BMI, and has a reported prevalence in the UK between 3%-10% (3).

6. Assessment & Diagnosis
Your physiotherapist will ask for a history of your symptoms, proceeded by carrying out a clinical examination so that a precise and timely diagnosis can be given to ensure the most effective treatment can be put in place immediately. Your physiotherapist will work closely with you to set individualised treatment goals and will regularly reassess you to measure your progress and make any necessary modifications in your treatment.

7. Self-Management
Upon receiving your diagnosis, your clinician will educate you on the condition so that you can understand how you can help manage your symptoms. The physiotherapist will suggest activity modification strategies that will allow you to remain functional without causing symptom exacerbation. Additionally, your physiotherapist can suggest ways to help reduce pain and recommendations on pharmaceuticals that can make you more comfortable, collaborating with your GP where needed.

8. Rehabilitation
Adult acquired flatfoot can generally be managed conservatively with specific advice and a personalised and progressive strengthening programme that your specialist physiotherapist can design to increase the strength of the soft tissues involved (2). Your physiotherapist will understand the structures that need strengthening and will tailor your exercises towards the activity-related and functional goals that will be established. You will regularly be reassessed to measure progress and we provide ongoing support and advice so that you can effectively and autonomously manage your symptoms.

9. Adult Acquired Flatfoot Treatment Plans
Early Plan
This programme focuses on maintaining and restoring ROM (range of motion) with beginner strengthening exercises to the ankle and foot complex. All exercises should be kept to a tolerable level of pain. This should not exceed any more than 4/10 on your perceived pain scale.

26/05/2024

👉Disc Herniation: Overview, Causes, and Treatment

✍️What is Disc Herniation?

Disc herniation, often referred to as a slipped or ruptured disc, occurs when the soft, gel-like center (nucleus pulposus) of a spinal disc pushes through a tear in the tougher exterior (annulus fibrosus). This can cause pain, numbness, or weakness in the limbs if the herniated disc presses on spinal nerves.

⛳️Causes of Disc Herniation

1. Degeneration: Age-related wear and tear can cause the discs to lose their water content, becoming less flexible and more prone to tearing or rupturing.
2. Injury: Trauma to the spine, such as a fall or car accident, can result in a herniated disc.
3. Lifting: Using the back muscles instead of the legs to lift heavy objects can lead to disc herniation.
4. Repetitive Motions: Certain occupations or activities involving repetitive motions or awkward positions can increase the risk.
5. Genetics: Some individuals inherit a predisposition to developing a herniated disc.

Symptoms of Disc Herniation

• Pain: Especially in the lower back (lumbar herniation) or neck (cervical herniation), which may radiate to the legs or arms.
• Numbness or Tingling: Affected nerves can cause a loss of sensation.
• Weakness: Muscles served by the affected nerves may weaken, impairing the ability to perform certain movements.

Treatment for Disc Herniation

Conservative (Non-surgical) Treatments:

1. Rest: Short periods of rest followed by gradual activity resumption.
2. Physical Therapy: Exercises to strengthen the back muscles and improve flexibility.
3. Medications: Pain relievers, anti-inflammatories, and muscle relaxants.
4. Epidural Steroid Injections: To reduce inflammation and relieve pain.

⛳️Surgical Treatments:

1. Microdiscectomy: Removal of the herniated portion of the disc to relieve pressure on the nerve.
2. Laminectomy: Removal of part of the vertebral bone (lamina) to create more space for the nerves.
3. Artificial Disc Replacement: Replacing the damaged disc with an artificial one.
4. Spinal Fusion: Fusing two vertebrae together to stabilize the spine.

Illustration

Anatomy of a Herniated Disc

Symptoms of Lumbar Disc Herniation

MRI Image of a Herniated Disc

For a more detailed understanding and personalized treatment options, consulting with a healthcare professional is recommended.

15/05/2024

Straight leg raise test

13/05/2024

Parkinson’s disease:

Parkinson’s disease is a condition where a part of your brain deteriorates, causing more severe symptoms over time. While this condition is best known for how it affects muscle control, balance and movement, it can also cause a wide range of other effects on your senses, thinking ability, mental health and more.

What are the symptoms?

The best-known symptoms of Parkinson’s disease involve loss of muscle control. However, experts now know that muscle control-related issues aren’t the only possible symptoms of Parkinson’s disease.

Motor-related symptoms
Motor symptoms — which means movement-related

symptoms — of Parkinson’s disease include the following:

Slowed movements (bradykinesia). A Parkinson’s disease diagnosis requires that you have this symptom. People who have this describe it as muscle weakness, but it happens because of muscle control problems, and there’s no actual loss of strength.

Tremor while muscles are at rest. This is a rhythmic shaking of muscles even when you’re not using them and happens in about 80% of Parkinson’s disease cases. Resting tremors are different from essential tremors, which don’t usually happen when muscles are at rest.

Rigidity or stiffness. Lead-pipe rigidity and cogwheel stiffness are common symptoms of Parkinson’s disease. Lead-pipe rigidity is a constant, unchanging stiffness when moving a body part. Cogwheel stiffness happens when you combine tremor and lead-pipe rigidity. It gets its name because of the jerky, stop-and-go appearance of the movements (think of it as the second hand on a mechanical clock).

Unstable posture or walking gait. The slowed movements and stiffness of Parkinson’s disease cause a hunched over or stooped stance. This usually appears as the disease gets worse. It’s visible when a person walks because they’ll use shorter, shuffling strides and move their arms less. Turning while walking may take several steps.

Additional motor symptoms can include:
Blinking less often than usual. This is also a symptom of reduced control of facial muscles.

Cramped or small handwriting. Known as micrographia, this happens because of muscle control problems.

Drooling. Another symptom that happens because of loss of facial muscle control.

Mask-like facial expression. Known as hypomimia, this means facial expressions change very little or not at all.

Trouble swallowing (dysphagia). This happens with reduced throat muscle control. It increases the risk of problems like pneumonia or choking.
Unusually soft speaking voice (hypophonia). This happens because of reduced muscle control in the throat and chest.

10/05/2024

10/05/2024

10/05/2024

👉SPECIAL TEST / STRAIGHT LEG RAISE TEST:

The straight leg raise is a test that can be performed during a physical examination, with the leg being lifted actively by the patient or passively by the clinician. If the straight leg raise is done actively by the patient it is a test of functional leg strength, particularly the re**us femoris element of the quadriceps (checking both hip flexion and knee extension strength simultaneously).

If carried out passively (also called Lasègue's sign, Lasègue test or Lazarević's sign), it is used to determine whether a patient with low back pain has an underlying nerve root sensitivity, often located at L5 (fifth lumbar spinal nerve).

If the patient experiences sciatic pain, more specifically pain radiating down the leg (radiculopathy), when the straight leg is at an angle of between 30 and 70 degrees, then the test is positive and a herniated disk is a possible cause of the pain.

Remember you can get this angle using the treatment plane as 0 degree or the starting point.

Source: https://lnkd.in/dM8N8nej

06/05/2024

⭕Definition:
A sprain occurs when your ankle is forced to move out of its normal position, which can cause one or more of the ankle's ligaments to stretch, partially tear or tear completely.
⭕Causes:
* A fall that causes your ankle to twist.
* Landing awkwardly on your foot after jumping or pivoting.
⭕Symptoms:
*swelling and bruising.
*pain.
*mild heat and redness.
*loss of movement and strength around the ankle and foot.
*difficulty walking or going up or down stairs.
tingling, numbness or pins and needles in the affected area.
⭕Treatment:
*Range-of-motion exercises. These help you move the joint as far as you can in every direction that it moves.
*Stretching exercises. They help keep your *Achilles tendon (heel cord) flexible while your ankle heals.
*Strengthening exercises.
*Balance and control exercises .

27/03/2024

's Palsy:- A condition that causes sudden weakness or paralysis of the muscles on one side of the face.
Causes:- Exact cause of Bell's Palsy is still unknown, but it's believed to be related to inflammation or swelling of the facial nerve. Some possible factors that may contribute to its development include viral infections, such as the herpes simplex virus, and certain medical conditions.
Symptoms:-
1️⃣Sudden weakness or paralysis
2️⃣Drooping of the mouth or eyelid
3️⃣Difficulty closing the eye
4️⃣Loss of taste
5️⃣Increased sensitivity to sound, and pain or discomfort around the jaw or ear.
♦️Studies support the effectiveness of physical therapy in improving facial muscle function and reducing symptoms in individuals with Bell's Palsy. Physical therapy techniques such as facial exercises, massage, and electrical stimulation have shown positive results in promoting recovery..

26/03/2024

♦️Stroke:-
A medical condition that occurs when there is a disruption of blood flow to the brain, leading to brain cell damage.

Types:-
1. Ischemic Stroke: This is the most common type, accounting for about 87% of all strokes. It occurs when a blood clot or plaque buildup in an artery reduces blood flow to the brain.
2. Hemorrhagic Stroke: This type of stroke happens when a blood vessel in the brain ruptures or leaks, causing bleeding within or around the brain. There are two main subtypes:
- Intracerebral Hemorrhage: Bleeding occurs within the brain tissue.
- Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: Bleeding occurs in the space between the brain and the surrounding membrane.
3. Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA): Often referred to as a "mini-stroke," a TIA is a temporary disruption of blood flow to the brain. It usually resolves quickly, and the symptoms are temporary.

Risk factors:-
1. High blood pressure
2. Smoking
3. Diabetes
4. High cholesterol
5. Obesity
6. Heart disease
7. Atrial fibrillation (irregular heartbeat)
8. Family history of stroke
9. Age (risk increases with age)
10. Previous history of stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA)

Symptoms:-
When it comes to stroke symptoms, it's important to remember the acronym FAST:

F - Face drooping: Is one side of the face drooping or numb?
A - Arm weakness: Is one arm weak or numb?
S - Speech difficulty: Is speech slurred or hard to understand?
T - Time to call emergency services: If you observe any of these symptoms, call for help immediately.

Other symptoms can include sudden confusion, trouble seeing in one or both eyes, difficulty walking, dizziness, and severe headache. If you or someone you know experiences these symptoms, don't hesitate to seek medical attention right away.
After a stroke, rehabilitation plays a vital role in helping individuals regain their strength, mobility, and independence.

💫 The rehabilitation process is often multidisciplinary and may involve physiotherapy, occupational therapy, and speech therapy.

Physiotherapy focuses on improving movement, balance, and strength through exercises and techniques tailored to the individual's needs. This may include exercises to improve walking, stretching, and strengthening exercises for affected muscles.

Occupational therapy helps individuals regain their ability to perform daily activities such as dressing, bathing, and cooking. It focuses on improving fine motor skills, coordination, and cognitive abilities.

Speech therapy addresses communication and swallowing difficulties that may arise after a stroke. It includes exercises to improve speech clarity, language skills, and swallowing function.
The rehabilitation process is personalized and may vary depending on the individual's specific needs and goals...

19/03/2024

💢 Summary of muscles of medial thigh in a simple images

⚫️Rf: re**us femoris✅
⚫️VMed: vastus medialis✅
⚫️Sar: sartorius✅
⚫️AdL: adductor longus✅
⚫️Gr: gracilis✅
⚫️AdM: adductor magnus✅
⚫️Sem: semimembranosus✅
⚫️Set: semitendinosus✅
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17/03/2024

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