04/01/2026
Free radicals are unstable molecules that can damage cells by reacting with proteins, DNA, or membrane lipids. They form naturally during metabolism but increase during stress, illness, or toxin exposure. Antioxidants protect cells by stabilizing these reactive molecules. An antioxidant donates an electron to the free radical. This donation does not harm the antioxidant because it remains stable after the transfer.
Once the free radical receives the electron, it loses its reactivity. It can no longer attack cell structures or start damaging chain reactions. Some antioxidants work inside cells, while others guard cell membranes or circulate in the bloodstream. Vitamins C and E, glutathione, and plant based compounds all serve as antioxidants.
Antioxidants also support enzymes that repair molecules already harmed by free radicals. This combined protection keeps cellular structures intact and reduces inflammation caused by oxidative stress. The process is essential for maintaining long term cell health.