Oral cancer and Thyroid surgery

13/02/2026

05/02/2026

Common symptoms and complications of Adenoids Enlargement in children

26/01/2026

Bethesda system for thyroid FNA
The Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology is a standardized reporting system used for thyroid fine-needle aspiration (FNA) results.
It classifies thyroid cytology into six diagnostic categories, each linked to an estimated risk of malignancy and a recommended clinical management, so that clinicians and surgeons can make clear, consistent decisions.

I – Non-diagnostic
-Meaning: Sample inadequate (too few cells, blood only, cyst fluid).
-Risk: Unknown.
-What to do: Repeat US-guided FNA.

II – Benign
-Meaning: Colloid goiter, thyroiditis, benign nodule.
-Risk: Very low (95%).
-What to do: Near-total or total thyroidectomy.

26/01/2026

Tonsil grading
Determine the size of the tonsils. These can be graded by:
score
0 – tonsils in fossa
1 – tonsils occupying up to 25% of airway
2 – 26% to 50%
3 – 51% to 75%
4 – more than 75%
score
0 – no tonsils
1 – tonsil within pillars
2 – tonsil beyond pillars
3 – tonsil extending ¾ to midline
4 – tonsils touching in midline.