05/11/2024
CYP450 enzymes play a crucial role in various diseases, including:
1. Cancer:
- CYP1A1/2: Metabolize carcinogens, influencing cancer risk.
- CYP2C9/19: Involved in tamoxifen metabolism, affecting breast cancer treatment.
- CYP3A4/5: Metabolize chemotherapy agents, impacting efficacy and toxicity.
2. Cardiovascular Disease:
- CYP2C9/19: Influence warfarin metabolism, affecting anticoagulation therapy.
- CYP3A4/5: Metabolize statins, impacting cholesterol reduction.
3. Neurological Disorders:
- CYP2D6: Metabolize antidepressants, antipsychotics, and Parkinson's disease medications.
- CYP3A4/5: Involved in metabolism of sedatives, anxiolytics, and anticonvulsants.
4. Infectious Diseases:
- CYP3A4/5: Metabolize antiretroviral agents, impacting HIV treatment.
- CYP2C9/19: Influence fluconazole metabolism, affecting antifungal therapy.
5. Autoimmune Diseases:
- CYP1A1/2: Involved in metabolism of immunosuppressants.
- CYP3A4/5: Metabolize cyclosporine, tacrolimus, and sirolimus.
6. Respiratory Diseases:
- CYP1A1/2: Influence lung cancer risk and COPD.
- CYP3A4/5: Metabolize corticosteroids, impacting asthma treatment.
7. Gastrointestinal Diseases:
- CYP2C9/19: Involved in metabolism of proton pump inhibitors.
- CYP3A4/5: Metabolize antacids and H2 receptor antagonists.
8. Endocrine Disorders:
- CYP17A1: Involved in androgen synthesis, impacting hormone-sensitive cancers.
- CYP19A1: Metabolize estrogen, influencing hormone replacement therapy.
9. Porphyrias:
- CYP1A1/2: Deficiencies lead to porphyria cutanea tarda.
- CYP3A4/5: Involved in heme synthesis, impacting porphyria acute attacks.
Disease-Specific CYP Polymorphisms:
- CYP2C9*2/*3: Warfarin sensitivity
- CYP2D6*4/*10: Reduced metabolism of antidepressants
- CYP3A5*3: Reduced metabolism of tacrolimus
Therapeutic Implications:
1. Personalized medicine
2. Dose adjustment
3. Alternative therapy selection
4. Monitoring of drug levels