
24/06/2025
Types of kidney disease.
1. Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)
Long-term, progressive loss of kidney function.
Common causes:
diabetes, high blood pressure, glomerulonephritis.
Often asymptomatic until late stages.
Can lead to kidney failure.
2. Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)
Sudden loss of kidney function, often reversible.
Causes:
severe infection, dehydration, blood loss, medications, or surgery.
Needs urgent medical care.
3. Glomerulonephritis
Inflammation of the kidney's filtering units (glomeruli).
Can be acute or chronic.
Causes:
infections, autoimmune diseases (like lupus), or unknown (idiopathic).
4. Polycystic Kidney Disease (PKD)
Genetic disorder where fluid-filled cysts grow in the kidneys.
Can lead to enlarged kidneys and kidney failure.
Two main types: Autosomal Dominant PKD (ADPKD) and Autosomal Recessive PKD (ARPKD).
5. Kidney Stones (Nephrolithiasis)
Hard deposits of minerals and salts that form inside the kidneys.
Extremely painful, but usually not chronic.
Risk factors: dehydration, diet, genetics.
6. Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs) / Pyelonephritis
Bacterial infections that start in the bladder and can spread to the kidneys.
Can cause fever, pain, and long-term kidney damage if recurrent or untreated.
7. Diabetic Nephropathy
Kidney damage due to long-term diabetes.
Leading cause of CKD worldwide.
Managed by controlling blood sugar and blood pressure.
8. Hypertensive Nephropathy
Kidney damage from uncontrolled high blood pressure.
Often overlaps with diabetic nephropathy.
9. Nephrotic Syndrome
A condition marked by heavy protein loss in urine, swelling, and low blood protein.
Often caused by glomerular diseases.
10. Congenital or Structural Kidney Diseases
Includes:
Reflux nephropathy (urine flows backward into kidneys)
Horseshoe kidney
Renal dysplasia (abnormal development)
Often detected in childhood.
11. Kidney Cancer
Most common: renal cell carcinoma.
Symptoms: blood in urine, weight loss, pain.