01/05/2026
معلومات مابين السطور مقتطفات مختبرية
Notes laboratory test
1. Hb ↓, MCV ↓, RBC↓ → Iron deficiency anemia
Microcytic anemia due to low iron → small RBCs.
• Hb ↑, RBC ↑ → Polycythemia.
• Hb ↓, MCV↓, RBC ↑ ē Target Cell → Thalassemia.
2. Hb ↓, MCV ↑ → Megaloblastic anemia
• B12/folate deficiency → defective DNA → large RBCs.
3. Reticulocyte ↑ → Hemolysis
↑ Immature RBCs = marrow responding to RBC loss/destruction.
•Reticulocyte ↓ → Aplastic anemia, bone marrow failure
4. Ferritin ↑, TIBC ↓ → Anemia of chronic disease
• Inflammation traps iron → high storage, low transport.
• Ferritin ↓, TIBC ↑ → Iron deficiency anemia
5. Hb electrophoresis (HbS) → Sickle cell anemia
• Abnormal HbS → sickle-shaped RBCs, vaso-occlusion.
6. HbA2 ↑ → β-thalassemia
7. Smudge cells → CLL
Fragile lymphocytes rupture on smear. Classic for CLL.
8. Reed-Sternberg cells → Hodgkin lymphoma
Large binucleate owl-eye cells.
9. Platelets ↓ → Thrombocytopenia
• Platelet count 6.5% = DM.
HbA1c normal → Good glycemic control
21. Serum amylase ↑ → Acute pancreatitis Pancreatic enzyme. Rises early but not specific.
22. Serum lipase ↑ → Pancreatitis (specific)
More specific for pancreas than amylase. Stays ↑ longer.
23. AST/ALT ↑ → Hepatitis*
Liver cell injury enzymes. ALT more liver-specific.
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