Dr Numan Qayyum Sheikh - Eye Surgeon

31/03/2026

Bilateral Episcleritis

🔹 What is it?
A benign, self-limiting inflammation of the episclera (thin layer between conjunctiva and sclera).

🔹 Who gets it?
• Common in young to middle-aged adults
• More frequent in females
• Sometimes associated with autoimmune diseases (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis)

🔹 Symptoms
• Mild redness (sectoral or diffuse)
• Minimal discomfort or irritation
• No significant pain
• Normal vision

🔹 Signs
• Bright red superficial vessels
• Blanch with topical phenylephrine
• No discharge or severe tenderness

🔹 Types
• Simple episcleritis (most common)
• Nodular episcleritis (localized tender nodule)

🔹 Treatment
• Usually self-resolving (1–2 weeks)
• Lubricants for comfort
• NSAIDs (topical/oral) if symptomatic
• Rarely mild topical steroids

🔹 Key Point
👉 Differentiate from scleritis (which is painful and vision-threatening)

📌 Take Home
Episcleritis is harmless and often resolves on its own, but always rule out deeper inflammation.

28/03/2026

Always 🥹🥹

DM for credits

26/03/2026

Which TRIAD it is?

19/03/2026

PAPILLOEDEMA

Which Grade do you see?

🔍 What is it?
Papilloedema is bilateral optic disc swelling caused by raised intracranial pressure (ICP) — not due to primary eye disease.

⚠️ Common Causes
• Brain tumors
• Intracranial hemorrhage
• Meningitis
• Idiopathic intracranial hypertension

👀 Symptoms
• Headache (often worse in morning)
• Transient visual obscurations
• Blurred vision (late)
• Nausea/vomiting
• Diplopia (VI nerve palsy)

🔬 Fundus Findings
• Hyperemic, elevated disc
• Blurred disc margins
• Absent cup
• Hemorrhages/exudates (advanced)

🚨 Why it matters?
Papilloedema is a red flag of raised ICP → requires urgent evaluation to prevent vision loss and detect life-threatening causes.

💡 Key Tip
Vision may be normal early, so always check the fundus in patients with persistent headache!

18/03/2026

What could be it?

A young male presented with complaint of photophobia, dimness of vision in right eye associated with headache.

Pic 1 : Sub-epithelial Opacities
Pic 2 : Patchy Iris Atrophy
Pic 3 : Posterior Sub-capsular Cataract

What are your differentials??

17/03/2026

Another Day Another Corneal Foreign Body

15/03/2026

Cyst of Zeiss

A Cyst of Zeiss is a small, benign cyst that arises from the sebaceous glands of Zeiss, which are located at the base of the eyelashes. It appears as a tiny yellowish or translucent swelling on the eyelid margin, usually near an eyelash follicle.

These cysts develop due to blockage of the gland duct, leading to accumulation of oily secretions. They are typically painless, slow-growing, and harmless, though some patients may notice mild cosmetic concern or irritation.

Treatment is often not required, but if the cyst enlarges or causes discomfort, it can be easily removed by a minor surgical procedure performed.

13/03/2026

DIABETIC RETINOPATHY

A 40 year old male presented in OPD with sudden painless dimness of vision in right eye for last few days

Patient is known case of uncontrolled Type 1 diabetes mellitus

O/E RVA - Finger Counting, LVA - 6/9

Right : Advance diabetic eye disease
Left : non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy

Diabetic retinopathy is a common complication of Diabetes Mellitus that affects the small blood vessels of the retina. High blood sugar levels damage these vessels, leading to leakage, bleeding, and reduced oxygen supply to the retina.

Types:
🔹 Non-Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy (NPDR) – early stage with microaneurysms, hemorrhages, and retinal swelling.
🔹 Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy (PDR) – advanced stage with abnormal new blood vessel growth that can cause vitreous hemorrhage and retinal detachment.

Symptoms:
Blurred vision, floaters, dark spots, or sometimes no symptoms in early stages.

Prevention & Management:
✔️ Good blood sugar control
✔️ Regular eye examinations
✔️ Timely treatment such as laser therapy, injections, or surgery when needed.

Key Message:
Early detection can prevent vision loss—every patient with diabetes should have regular retinal screening. 👁️✨

11/03/2026

VIRAL CONJUNCTIVITIS

Viral Conjunctivitis (Pink Eye) 👁️

🔹 Definition
Viral conjunctivitis is a common and highly contagious inflammation of the conjunctiva, most frequently caused by adenoviruses.

🔹 Symptoms
• Redness of the eye
• Watery discharge
• Foreign body sensation or irritation
• Eyelid swelling
• Often starts in one eye and spreads to the other

🔹 Associated Features
Patients may have a recent history of upper respiratory tract infection, fever, or preauricular lymphadenopathy.

🔹 Management
Treatment is mainly supportive and includes:
• Lubricating eye drops
• Cold compresses
• Good hand hygiene to prevent spread

🔹 Prognosis
The condition is usually self-limiting and resolves within 1–2 weeks.

👁️

10/03/2026

08/03/2026

Viral Conjunctivitis (Pink Eye)

Viral Conjunctivitis is a common and highly contagious infection of the conjunctiva, most often caused by adenoviruses. It typically presents with redness, watery discharge, irritation, and a gritty sensation in the eye, and may be associated with swollen eyelids and preauricular lymph nodes. The infection often starts in one eye and spreads to the other within a few days.

It usually resolves spontaneously within 1–2 weeks, and management mainly includes supportive care such as cold compresses, lubricating eye drops, and strict hygiene to prevent spread. Avoid touching the eyes, sharing towels, or close contact during the infectious period.

👁️ Early recognition and proper hygiene are key to preventing transmission.

07/03/2026

Corneal Foreign Body (CFB) 👁️

A corneal foreign body occurs when a small particle such as metal, dust, sand, wood, or glass becomes lodged in the cornea. It is a common ophthalmic emergency, especially in people exposed to grinding, drilling, or windy environments. Patients typically present with sudden eye pain, redness, watering, photophobia, and foreign body sensation.

Early examination and prompt removal are important to prevent complications such as corneal infection, scarring, or vision impairment. Proper eye protection at workplaces can significantly reduce the risk.

👁️