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06/07/2025

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27/08/2023

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20/07/2023

Diabetic Ketoacidosis - DKA
caused by Acute illness ( Infection, Truama, MI), New diagnosed DM, Insulin non-compliance leading to increase insulin requirement.
• Pathophysiology
1. Hyperglycemia (>250mg/dl)
leads to osmotic diuresis → Dehydration
(Dry tongue, sunken eyes)
2. Metabolic acidosis
HCO³ < 15meq/l
(Acidotic hyperventilation and hypotension due to accumulation of ketones)
3. Hyoerketonemia & Ketonuria
4. ↑ Anion gap
5. Plasma osmolarity
Normal - UpTo 300mOsm/l

• Investigation
Blood glucose
ABGs
Ketostix
Anion gap
Plasma osmolality
ECG
CBC & Chest X ray

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