Heart health

23/09/2025

How Stethoscope works?

11/05/2025

⬇️Vital signs are critical indicators of the body’s most basic functions and provide immediate insight into a person's overall health. Here’s why they are important➡️:
1.🫵 Early Detection of Illness or Deterioration

Abnormal vitals can be the first sign of infection, shock, or organ failure.

For example, a rising respiratory rate or dropping blood pressure may signal early sepsis.

2. 🫵Monitoring Response to Treatment

Vitals help evaluate whether interventions (e.g., medication, fluid therapy, oxygen) are effective.

‼️For instance, an improving heart rate or temperature can indicate recovery.

3. 🫵Guiding Clinical Decisions

Medical decisions, including triage, diagnosis, and emergency interventions, often rely on vital signs.

‼️In emergency care, vitals determine the urgency of treatment.

4. 🫵Baseline for Comparison

♂️Regular monitoring provides a baseline to compare changes over time.

Helps track chronic conditions (like hypertension or asthma).

5.🫵 Indicating Homeostasis

‼️Normal vitals reflect that the body is maintaining homeostasis—a balanced internal environment.

♂️Deviations can point to stress, injury, or disease.

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🎗🎗In short, vital signs are foundational tools in medicine—they are quick, non-invasive, and lifesaving when used correctly.
dr

08/05/2025

Rentrop classification

08/05/2025

02/04/2025

𝐌𝐨𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐓𝐲𝐩𝐞𝐬 𝐨𝐟 𝐋𝐕 𝐰𝐚𝐥𝐥 𝐒𝐞𝐠𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐬

𝙉𝙤𝙧𝙢𝙤𝙠𝙞𝙣𝙚𝙨𝙞𝙖
Endocardial excursion > 5 mm
Systolic thickening ≥ 50%

𝙃𝙮𝙥𝙤𝙠𝙞𝙣𝙚𝙨𝙞𝙖
Endocardial excursion 2-5 mm
Systolic thickening < 50%

𝘼𝙠𝙞𝙣𝙚𝙨𝙞𝙖
Endocardial excursion 0-2 mm
Absence of systolic thickening

𝘿𝙮𝙨𝙠𝙞𝙣𝙚𝙨𝙞𝙖
Paradoxical expansion in systole
Absence of thickening, or even systolic thinning

08/03/2025

2025 ACC/AHA/ACEP/NAEMSP/SCAI Guideline for Acute Coronary Syndromes – Key Takeaways

✅ Dual Antiplatelet Therapy (DAPT)

Ticagrelor or prasugrel is preferred over clopidogrel in ACS patients undergoing PCI.

For non-ST elevation ACS (NSTE-ACS) with angiography planned >24 hours later, clopidogrel or ticagrelor may be used to reduce major adverse events.

✅ Optimizing Antiplatelet Therapy

DAPT (aspirin + P2Y12 inhibitor) for at least 12 months in ACS patients not at high bleeding risk.

Bleeding risk reduction strategies:

Use proton pump inhibitors for patients at GI bleeding risk.

Switch to ticagrelor monotherapy after ≥1 month post-PCI if tolerated.

If on anticoagulation, stop aspirin 1-4 weeks after PCI and continue a P2Y12 inhibitor (preferably clopidogrel).

✅ Lipid Management

High-intensity statins for all ACS patients, with ezetimibe initiation as an option.

Add non-statin therapy (ezetimibe, PCSK9 inhibitors, inclisiran, bempedoic acid) if LDL-C remains ≥70 mg/dL.

Further lipid lowering may be reasonable in high-risk patients if LDL-C is 55–70 mg/dL.

✅ Invasive Strategy for NSTE-ACS

Intermediate/High risk → Early invasive approach with intent for revascularization.

Low risk → Selective invasive strategy with further risk assessment before revascularization.

✅ PCI Strategies in ACS

Radial access preferred over femoral to reduce bleeding, complications, and mortality.

Intracoronary imaging recommended for complex coronary lesions to guide PCI.

✅ Complete Revascularization

STEMI & NSTE-ACS → Complete revascularization recommended.

Multivessel disease → PCI vs. CABG based on disease complexity and comorbidities.

Cardiogenic shock → Only the culprit vessel should be revascularized immediately; non-infarct artery PCI is not recommended.

✅ Mechanical Support in Cardiogenic Shock

Microaxial flow pump (Impella) may reduce mortality in select cases but increases risks of bleeding, limb ischemia, and renal failure. Careful patient selection is key.
✅ Anemia & Transfusion

Red blood cell transfusion to maintain hemoglobin ≥10 g/dL may be reasonable in ACS patients with anemia.

✅ Post-Discharge & Secondary Prevention

Lipid panel check 4-8 weeks after statin therapy adjustment.

Cardiac rehab recommended, with home-based options for those unable to attend in person.

28/02/2025

ACS guidelines

24/02/2025

Practical Guidance for Diagnosing and Treating Iron Deficiency in Patients with Heart Failure: Why, Who and How?⤵️

🔹Algorithm showing screening, diagnosing, treating and monitoring for iron deficiency in patients with HF

🔹https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/11/11/2976

20/02/2025

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