Muhammad Israr Physiotherapist

19/07/2025

Knee Osteoarthritis – Common but Treatable!

Do you or your loved one feel:

Knee pain while walking or climbing stairs?

Stiffness in the morning?

Difficulty in sitting or standing for long?

If yes, this video is for you.
I have made a short and clear video on Knee Osteoarthritis.
In this video, I explain
: ✔ What is Osteoarthritis?
✔ What are the symptoms and causes?
✔ And how Physiotherapy can help manage it — without surgery or strong medicines.

As a sports Physiotherapist, my goal is to help people live pain-free and move better

Let’s spread physiotherapy awareness and help more people.

Dr. Muhammad Israr (PT)
Sports Physiotherapist | Movement & Rehab Specialist

18/07/2025

Healthy Knee vs Osteoarthritic Knee

1.Cartilage .
Thick and smooth / Thin, rough, or worn out.
2.Bone
Normal / Thickened or irregular.
3.Synovium .
Thin and non-inflamed. / Thickened and inflamed.
4.Joint Fluid.
Adequate and smooth. / Reduced or inflamed.
5 Meniscus
Intact and functional. / Damaged or torn.
6.Ligaments
Stable. / Weakened or dysfunctional.
7.Surrounding Muscles
Strong / Weak (atrophied)

Dr. Muhammad Israr (PT)
Sports Physiotherapist.

Public Educator | Rehab Specialist

Please like,Comment and Share with someone who needs to know!

18/07/2025

Knee injuries..
First up: ACL. The ACL keeps your knee stable, especially during quick stops, pivots, or landings.
It usually tears from:
Hyperextension (knee locks out too far)
Valgus collapse (knee caves inward)

Tear it, and your knee goes loose and wobbly—no trust, no control.
Then there’s the medial meniscus. It acts like a shock absorber. But twist with a caved-in knee Boom—rotation + valgus = tear city
And don’t forget the MCL - This one’s your inner knee strap.
It can tear from:A blow from the outside.Or just landing or moving with inward collapse—no contact needed.
Valgus collapse wrecks knees. Alignment keeps you safe.
Train smarter. Move stronger. Stay in the game

18/07/2025

ہم نے درد کو سمجھا، پر کبھی ظاہر نہ کیا...

18/07/2025

جب اپنے ملک میں حقدار کو حق نہ ملے، تو وہ سرحد پار جا کر دنیا کو اپنا کمال دکھاتا ہے۔

18/07/2025

Hot and Cold Therapy for Knee Pain: A Patient Guide
Hot and cold therapy are common treatments for knee pain and inflammation. Here's a guide to help you understand how to use them effectively:

Cold Therapy (Cryotherapy)
1. When to Use: Cold therapy is best for acute injuries, swelling, or inflammation.
2. How it Works: Cold temperatures constrict blood vessels, reducing blood flow and inflammation.
3. Application: Apply an ice pack or cold compress to the affected area for 15-20 minutes, 3-4 times a day.
4. Precautions: Wrap the ice pack in a towel to avoid direct skin contact and prevent frostbite.

Heat Therapy (Thermotherapy)
1. When to Use: Heat therapy is best for chronic pain, stiffness, or muscle spasms.
2. How it Works: Heat increases blood flow, relaxes muscles, and reduces stiffness.
3. Application: Apply a warm compress or heating pad to the affected area for 15-20 minutes, 3-4 times a day.
4. Precautions: Avoid using heat therapy on acute injuries or open wounds.

Alternating Hot and Cold Therapy
1. Contrast Therapy: Alternating between hot and cold therapy can be beneficial for some conditions.
2. Application: Start with cold therapy for 10-15 minutes, followed by heat therapy for 10-15 minutes.

Tips and Precautions
1. Listen to Your Body: If you experience increased pain or discomfort, stop the therapy.
2. Monitor Skin: Check your skin for signs of frostbite or burns.
3. Consult a Healthcare Professional: If you're unsure about using hot or cold therapy or if your symptoms persist.

17/07/2025

WOMEN’S Q-ANGLE (Quadriceps Angle)
• Normal Range: 15° to 23°
• Average: Around 18°
• Reason for Higher Q-Angle:
• Wider pelvis → greater angle between hip and knee.
• The femur (thigh bone) angles more inward (increased femoral valgus).
• Clinical Relevance:
• Higher Q-angle puts more lateral force on the patella (kneecap).
• Increases risk of:
• Patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS)
• ACL (anterior cruciate ligament) injuries
• Chondromalacia patella
• Knee valgus (knock-knees)
• Contributing Factors:
• Broader hips
• Increased joint laxity in females
• Hormonal influences affecting ligament strength

MEN’S Q-ANGLE (Quadriceps Angle)
• Normal Range: 10° to 15°
• Average: Around 13°
• Reason for Lower Q-Angle:
• Narrower pelvis → straighter alignment of the femur and tibia.
• Less inward angulation of the thigh bone.
• Clinical Relevance:
• Lower Q-angle means better patellar tracking.
• Reduced risk of:
• Patellofemoral dysfunction
• ACL injury (compared to females)
• Knee valgus
• Stronger hip musculature and less joint laxity provide additional knee stability in men.

How Q-Angle is Measured:
1. Patient lies or stands in a relaxed posture.
2. Draw one line from the ASIS (Anterior Superior Iliac Spine) to the center of the patella.
3. Draw a second line from the center of the patella to the tibial tuberosity.
4. The angle formed between these two lines is the Q-angle.

16/07/2025

KNEE ALIGNMENT: NORMAL vs VARUS vs VALGUS

1. NORMAL ALIGNMENT
The hip, knee, and ankle joints are in a straight vertical line when standing. There is a slight natural valgus angle (5–7°) considered normal.

Appearance:
• Knees and ankles aligned.
• Even weight distribution across the knee joint.

Why It Matters:
Prevents abnormal joint stress and wear, supports efficient movement.

2. GENU VARUS (BOW LEGS)

Definition:
The knees stay apart even when the ankles are touching. The legs curve outward.

Appearance:
• Gap between knees.
• Common in toddlers, but usually self-corrects.
• Can persist or develop due to arthritis, rickets, or trauma.

Effect on the Body:
• Increased pressure on the medial (inner) knee.
• Can cause joint degeneration and pain over time.
Physiotherapy Role:
• Strengthening hip abductors and gluteal muscles
• Corrective stretching of tight muscles
• Gait training and orthotics if needed
• Monitoring in children to determine if medical/surgical care is needed

3. GENU VALGUS (KNOCK KNEES)

📈 Definition:
The knees come close together or touch, while the ankles remain apart.

Appearance:
• “X-shaped” legs.
• Common in early childhood; may persist due to developmental issues, obesity, or arthritis.

Effect on the Body:
• Excess pressure on the lateral (outer) compartment of the knee.
• Risk of patellar instability, knee pain, and early degeneration.
Physiotherapy Role:
• Strengthening hip external rotators and quadriceps
• Stretching tight inner thigh muscles
• Postural retraining and gait correction
• Weight management and activity modification

If you or your child show signs of bow legs or knock knees, early evaluation is key!

16/07/2025

15/07/2025

مچل اسٹارک جو فاسٹ باؤلنگ کی پہچان ہے
اس کی کامیابی صرف اسپیڈ میں نہیں بلکہ ریہیب، اور فزیوتھراپی میں چھپی ہے۔

14/07/2025

KNEE PHYSIOTHERAPY ASSESSMENT SHEET

PATIENT INFORMATION:

Name: ____xun________________________

Age: __35______ Gender: _______

Date of Assessment: __13/7/2025___________

Dominant Leg: Right / Left

R
---

1. SUBJECTIVE EXAMINATION

Chief Complaint: _________
Right knee pain during walking and stair climbing
________________________________

Mechanism of Injury: ___________overuse long walk___________________________

Onset (Sudden/Gradual): _____gradual______

Pain Location: ____medial side of Right knee________________________________________

Pain Behavior (e.g. stairs, kneeling, rest): ___pain duringSquatand kneeling_________________

Swelling/Instability/Locking: Yes / No (Describe: ___swelling__________)

Past History/Injuries: ___meniscus injury____________________________________

Functional Limitations: ____limit kneelingduringprayer __________________________________

2. OBSERVATION

Standing Alignment:

Genu Varum / Valgum / Recurvatum
G varum

Patellar Position: Normal / Alta / Baja / Squinting / Frog-Eyed
Normal

Muscle Bulk: _atrophy_____________ (e.g. Quadriceps atrophy)

Swelling: Local / Diffuse (Describe: __local_________________)

Gait: Normal / Antalgic / Trendelenburg / Other: ___antalgic__________

3. PALPATION

Temperature: Normal / Warm
Warm

Tenderness: Yes / No (Location: __yes_________________)

Patellar: Position / Mobility / Crepitus
Crepitus

Joint Line: Medial / Lateral tenderness
Medial.

Ligaments: MCL / LCL palpation
MCL

Popliteal Fossa: Mass / Cyst / Tenderness
No abnormality

4. RANGE OF MOTION (ROM)

AROM: Flexion ___100____ Extension ___5____

PROM: Flexion __115_____ Extension __0_____

End Feel: Flexion _____soft_____ Extension ______firm____

5. RESISTED ISOMETRIC MOVEMENTS (RIM)

Knee Flexion: Pain / Weakness / Normal
Pain

Knee Extension: Pain / Weakness / Normal
Pain

6. SPECIAL TESTS Ligaments:

Lachman Test: + / -

Anterior Drawer: + / -

Pivot Shift: + / -

Posterior Drawer: + / -

Posterior Sag Sign: + / -

Valgus Stress Test (0°/30°): + / -yes

Varus Stress Test (0°/30°): + / -

Meniscus:

McMurray Test: + / - (Medial / Lateral)yes

Apley's Compression: + / -yes

Thessaly Test: + / -yes

Joint Line Tenderness: Yes / No
yes

Patellofemoral:

Clarke's Test: + / -p

Apprehension Test: + / -p

Patellar Glide: Medial / Lateral / Normal

Other Tests:

Q-Angle: ____18________

Ober's Test: + / -p

Noble Compression: + / -

7. NEUROLOGICAL SCREENING

Reflexes: Patellar __normal_____ Hamstring _normal______

Sensation (Dermatomes): Intact / Reduced / Absent
Intact..

Myotomes: Normal / Weak (Details:
Normal _______________)

8. FUNCTIONAL TESTING

Squat:Pain during mid Squat..

14/07/2025

My next video will be about Knee Osteoarthritis
Stay tuned for:
1۔ Causes
2۔Symptoms
3۔ Physiotherapy Treatment