29/04/2026
Proteins exist in multiple forms called proteoforms, generated from a single gene through sequence variants, alternative splicing, and post-translational modifications. These forms influence protein function, cellular behaviour, and disease outcomes. Advanced proteomics techniques allow researchers to identify and study proteoforms with high precision. Clinically, proteoform diversity affects cancer treatment, neurodegenerative disease progression, and biomarker accuracy. Despite challenges in detecting low-abundance or highly modified variants, integrating proteomics with genomics and AI is advancing precision medicine.
Proteoforms, the diverse molecular variants of proteins, are key to understanding cellular functions, disease mechanisms, and biomarker discovery in proteomics.