Umiye health group

10/01/2021

1️⃣1️⃣. Lumpy Skin Disease:-
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The lumpy skin disease (L*D) is a poxvirus infection of cattle in which cutaneous nodules and lymphadenitis development. The L*D virus is a poxvirus belonging to the genus Capripoxvirus and has been termed the lumpy skin disease. Lumpy skin disease virus has physical characteristics similar to the ortho-poxviruses, such as vaccinia the virus is ether and chloroform sensitive and produces no hemagglutinin. It is antigenically related to the viruses of sheep and goat pox but probably differs biologically because the geographical distribution of L*D differs from sheep pox. L*D was pandemic in some of African countries, Middle East, like tropical country.

✅Transmission:

The transmission processes of the virus manly done by arthropod vector. There are no specific vector has been identified to date, mosquitoes, biting flies and male ticks. There are no any evidence to virus transmission via fomites, for example ingestion of feed and water contaminated with infected saliva, but by the inoculation with material from cutaneous nodule or blood

✅Diagnosis:

Clinical: L*D signs range from in-apparent to severe disease.

Fever could exceed 105°F.
Gradually reduction in milk yield.
Depression,
Anorexia,
Emaciation,
Rhinitis,
Conjunctivitis
Excessive salivation,
Enlarged superficial lymph nodes.

Cutaneous nodules of 2–5 cm in diameter develop, particularly on the head, neck, limbs, udder, genitalia

These nodules are circumscribed, firm, round and raised, and involve the skin, subcutaneous tissue and sometimes even the underlying muscles.
Myiasis of the nodules may occur
Pregnant cows may abort and be in anoestrus for several months.



✅Prevention and Control:

Isolation of infected animal from healthy animal.

Practice vector control.

Control of ticks

Practice rapid and widespread vaccination campaign.

Proper disposal of dead animals (e.g. incineration), and cleaning and disinfection of premises and implements are recommended for L*D.

Import restrictions on domestic cattle and water buffaloes, and selected products from these animals.

19/08/2020

bovinepleuropneumonia (CBPP)

¶What is CBPP?
¶Public health risk
¶Clinical signs
¶Diagnostic
¶Prevention and control

What is CBPP?

Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP) is a disease of cattle and water buffalo.
is highly contagious with a mortality rate of up to 50%, it causes significant economic losses. CBPP is a prominent cattle disease in Africa.

agent
Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. Mycoides (M. mycoides). As the name suggests, it attacks the lungs and the membranes that line the thoracic cavity (the pleura) causing fever and respiratory signs such as laboured or rapid respiration, cough and nasal discharges.

health risk

Humans are not known to be susceptible to contagious bovine pleuropneumonia, so there is no public health risk.

signs

¶loss of appetite,
¶fever
¶ Respiratory signs, such as rapid respiratory rate, cough and nasal discharges and painful, difficult breathing.



The diagnosis is based on isolation of M. mycoides from samples such as nasal swabs and/or lung washings or pleural fluid obtained by puncture, or necropsy samples. The details the diagnostic procedures for CBPP



The main problems for control or eradication are the frequent occurrence of subacute or unapparent infections and the persistence of chronic carriers after the clinical phase.

In most continents, control strategies are based on the early detection of outbreaks, control of animal movements and a stamping-out policy. This has successfully eliminated the disease from North America and Europe. In Africa control of the disease is currently based mainly on vaccination campaigns.


Treatment of affected animals with antibiotics can result in healthy looking animals that are still infected and able to spread the disease, so it is not recommended.



For interamascular injection use only

Cattle:injection intramascular 8mg per pound of body wight(Iml per. 25
✖️Do not exceed 5days, don't inject more than 10ml per. Injection site


Vaccination with an attenuated strain of the bacteria is used to reduce the level of infection.

25/04/2020

RIGHT DRUG(lixda xaquuqood ay dawada leedahay)

1)Right drug(dawo sax ah)

2)Right Dose(qiyas sax ah)

3)Right Time(wakhti sax ah)

4)Right Route (meel sax ah)

5)Right administeration(mamul sax ah)

6)Right patient (bukan sax ah

رمضان كريم
Home

06/04/2020

Coronavirus: Tiger at New York's Bronx Zoo tests positive for COVID-19

25/03/2020

please don't do like this

17/03/2020

calamadaha lagu aqoonsado cudurka corona virus.

23/02/2020

28/01/2020

wax kabaro cudurada ku dhaco

21/01/2020

=Epidural analgesia=
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Ruminants are poor candidates for general anesthesia because of the increased risk of complications such as regurgitation, bloating, and muscle damage. Therefore, surgical interventions under local anesthesia in standing animals are preferred. Epidural analgesia is commonly used in large animals. It is an easy, cheap, and effective technique used to prevent or control pain during surgeries involving the tail, a**s, v***a, perineum, caudal udder, sc***um, and upper hind limbs.

In large animals, the most common sites for epidural administration of anesthetic agents are the first coccygeal intervertebral space (Co1-Co2) and the sacrococcygeal intervertebral space (S5-Co1). The technique is considered easy to perform in standing animals and require no special equipment. The site of injection can be identified by moving the tail up and down in a pump-like manner. The first proximal moving space that can be easily palpated is the preferred location for injection. The site in the dorsal midline is clipped and aseptically prepared using a disinfectant solution. An 18-Gauge, 1.25″ needle is used to pe*****te the intervertebral space. The needle is usually directed slightly in a cranial direction and advanced slowly. A lack of resistance or popping sensation usually indicates that the epidural space is entered. Correct placement of the needle can be checked by the hanging drop technique which can be performed by placing few drops of sterile water or lidocaine into the needle hub during insertion. When the needle enters the correct space, the drop of saline or lidocaine is observed to be aspirated under the effect of the negative pressure in the epidural space. Furthermore before injection of the drug, negative pressure is applied by the syringe to ensure blood or spinal fluid is not aspirated. In which case, the needle must be withdrawn and adjusted slightly and negative pressure is applied again.

According to the volume of injected drug, epidural anesthesia can be classified into caudal (low dose or low volume) epidural or cranial (high dose or high volume) epidural. Low dose or caudal epidural anesthesia is the most commonly used technique and it requires the injection of a small volume of the drug. This technique desensitizes the caudal sacral nerves within the spinal canal. The motor functions of the hind limbs are not affected. Areas that are desensitized by low volume epidural are the tail, va**na, v***a, a**s, re**um, caudal prepuce, sc***um, and urethra. This technique is commonly used to prevent or control tenesmus and contractions during repair of a pr*****ed re**um or v***a, repositioning of a pr*****ed uterus, and dystocia.
Reviewed by: Zuhair B. (Jordan University)