Dr. Wek A. Agany Wek

20/08/2025

Don't confuse your path with destination. The path may be rocky now, but it is going to lead you to amazing places.

16/08/2025

"Don't test deepness of river with your both legs"

16/08/2025

Don't lose your smile running through all these hurdles. Look at all people running along with you, if they do smile while running. Then why not you too?

"Be like stem cells, differentiate yourself from others."

15/08/2025

is consolidation?

It means pneumonia, defined as inflammation in the lung parenchyma characterized by accumulation of secretions and inflammatory cells of alveoli.

# Types of pneumonia

1. Anatomically of 2 types
* Lobar: Commonly involves one or more lobes
* Lobular (bronchopneumonia): It is characterized by patchy alveolar opacity with bronchial and bronchiolar inflammation.

2. Clinically of 4 types:

* community acquired pneumonia (CAP)
* Nosocomial (hospital acquired)
* Suppurative and aspiration pneumonia
* Pneumonia in immunocompromised

# What are the causes of CAP?

1. Typical organisms: the most common cause is streptococcus pneumoniae 50% of cases.
2. Atypical organisms: Mycoplasma pneumoniae

# What are pathological stages of CAP?
There are 4 stages:

* Stage of congestion: It persists for 1 to 2 days.
* Stage of red hepatization: It persists for 2 to 4 days.
* Stage of grey hepatization: It persists for 4 to 8 days.
* Stage of resolution: Is from 8 to 9 days or more.

# Presentations of CAP:

* Fever with chill and rigor
* Cough
* Dyspnea and hemoptysis
* Pleuritic chest pain

# Risk factors of CAP:

* Age < 16 or > 65 years.
* Co- morbidities: HIV infection, diabetes mellitus and chronic renal disease.
* Upper respiratory tract infections
* Lifestyle; like cigarette smoking.

# Criteria of assessment for severity of CAP:
CURB-65 is criteria used to score severity of CAP.

* Confusion: minimal mental score of 8 or less.
* Urea: >7 mmol/l or >20 mg/dl.
* Respiratory rate: > 30 min.
* Blood pressure: ( systolic BP

15/05/2025

When you don't understand characters of a man, then you look at his friends.

04/05/2025

It is not about how much times you learned medical concepts.

It is about how much medical concepts that you have retained in your mind.