30/08/2025
S***m malformation (also called teratozoos***mia) means that a man’s s***m cells have abnormal shapes or structures. Normally, s***m should have an oval head, intact midpiece, and a long straight tail that allows it to swim effectively. When s***m are malformed, fertility can be reduced because they may not be able to swim properly or fertilize an egg.
Types of s***m malformations
1. Head abnormalities
Large head / Small head – irregular size makes it difficult to pe*****te the egg.
Double head – two heads attached, usually non-functional.
Pinhead s***m – head too small, often lacking genetic material.
Round head (globozoos***mia) – head lacks acrosome, so s***m cannot break into the egg.
Amorphous head – irregular, misshaped head.
Vacuoled head – head has empty spaces, affecting DNA quality.
2. Midpiece abnormalities
Thickened midpiece – may contain excess cytoplasm.
Bent midpiece – affects motility.
Irregular mitochondria distribution – lowers energy supply.
3. Tail abnormalities
Short tail – reduces motility.
Coiled tail – s***m cannot swim forward.
Double tail – ineffective swimming.
Absent tail – completely immotile.
Causes of s***m malformation
Genetic defects
Infections (e.g., STIs)
Varicocele (enlarged veins in sc***um)
Exposure to heat, toxins, radiation, smoking, alcohol
Hormonal imbalances
Nutritional deficiencies
Effects
Reduced motility
Lower ability to fertilize the egg
Possible infertility if severe
👉 In many men, a few abnormal s***m are normal. Concern arises when more than 96% of s***m are malformed.
