11/06/2022
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High blood pressure (hypertension) is a common condition in which the long-term force of the blood against your artery walls is high enough that it may eventually cause health problems, such as heart disease.
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Most people with high blood pressure have no signs or symptoms, even if blood pressure readings reach dangerously high levels.
A few people with high blood pressure may have headaches, shortness of breath or nosebleeds, but these signs and symptoms aren't specific and usually don't occur until high blood pressure has reached a severe or life-threatening stage.
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There are two types of high blood pressure.
Primary (essential) hypertension
For most adults, there's no identifiable cause of high blood pressure. This type of high blood pressure, called primary (essential) hypertension, tends to develop gradually over many years.
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Some people have high blood pressure caused by an underlying condition. This type of high blood pressure, called secondary hypertension, tends to appear suddenly and cause higher blood pressure than does primary hypertension.
1. Obstructive sleep apnea
2. Kidney disease
3. Adrenal gland tumors
4. Thyroid problems
5. Certain defects you're born with (congenital) in blood vessels
6. Certain medications, such as birth control pills, cold remedies, decongestants, over-the-counter pain relievers and some prescription drugs
7. Illegal drugs, such as co***ne and amphetamines
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High blood pressure has many risk factors, including:
โข Age. The risk of high blood pressure increases as you age. Until about age 64, high blood pressure is more common in men. Women are more likely to develop high blood pressure after age 65.
โข Race. High blood pressure is particularly common among people of African heritage, often developing at an earlier age than it does in whites.
โข Family history. High blood pressure tends to run in families.
โข Being overweight or obese. The more you weigh, the more blood you need to supply oxygen and nutrients to your tissues.
โข Not being physically active. People who are inactive tend to have higher heart rates. The higher your heart rate, the harder your heart must work with each contraction and the stronger the force on your arteries.
โข Using to***co. Not only does smoking or chewing to***co immediately raise your blood pressure temporarily, but the chemicals in to***co can damage the lining of your artery walls.
โข Too much salt (sodium) in your diet. Too much sodium in your diet can cause your body to retain fluid, which increases blood pressure.
โข Too little potassium in your diet. Potassium helps balance the amount of sodium in your cells. A proper balance of potassium is critical for good heart health. If you don't get enough potassium in your diet, or you lose too much potassium due to dehydration or other health conditions, sodium can build up in your blood.
โข Drinking too much alcohol. Over time, heavy drinking can damage your heart. Having more than one drink a day for women and more than two drinks a day for men may affect your blood pressure.
If you drink alcohol, do so in moderation. For healthy adults, that means up to one drink a day for women and two drinks a day for men. One drink equals 12 ounces of beer, 5 ounces of wine or 1.5 ounces of 80-proof liquor.
โข Stress. High levels of stress can lead to a temporary increase in blood pressure. Stress-related habits such as eating more, using to***co or drinking alcohol can lead to further increases in blood pressure.
โข Certain chronic conditions. Certain chronic conditions also may increase your risk of high blood pressure, including kidney disease, diabetes and sleep apnea.
