10/19/2025
Traumatic Brain Injury is a global health challenge that substantially contributes to disability and is responsible for 30% of injury-related deaths.
Annually, over 50 million TBIs occur , & accounts for approximately 30% of injury-related deaths. TBI often results in cognitive impairment, depression, and an increased risk of developing neuropsychiatric diseases, including Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s diseases, and substance abuse disorders. Notably, alcohol consumption significantly raises TBI risk, with many patients intoxicated during injury. This interplay between alcohol and TBI complicates recovery, as alcohol use can impede neurological healing, and TBI may increase alcohol and substance use.
A recent study, researchers demonstrated that the fluid percussion injury (FPI) model of TBI in male C57BL/6 mice significantly increases alcohol consumption and impairs cognitive function. FPI markedly reduced the number and activity of striatal cholinergic interneurons (CINs) while increasing striatal microglial cells. Then, tested the hypothesis that FPI in mice increases alcohol intake, impairs striatal CIN function, and causes cognitive impairment. Additionally, researchers investigated whether microglial ablation could improve striatal cholinergic function. The results show that FPI increased alcohol preference and induced a hypo-cholinergic state in the striatum. Crucially, microglial depletion using PLX 5622 enhanced cholinergic activity, indicating that microglia could contribute to striatal cholinergic dysfunction following FPI.
Overall, this study identifies the striatal cholinergic system as a potential therapeutic target to mitigate the neurological effects of TBI, including increased alcohol abuse and cognitive deficits.
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