10/10/2025
Vancouver Classification: Critical Framework for Periprosthetic Hip Fracture Management
Periprosthetic femoral fractures following total hip arthroplasty affect 1-3% of primary and revision hip replacements. The Vancouver Classification, developed by Duncan and Masri, provides the most widely accepted framework for diagnosing/treating these complex injuries by evaluating (3) critical factors: fracture location, femoral implant stability, and surrounding bone stock quality.
🔹Type A : involve the trochanteric area and are subdivided into AG (greater trochanter) and AL (lesser trochanter). Type AG are typically stable when minimally displaced and managed conservatively with abduction precautions. Operative fixation is considered when displacement exceeds 2.5 cm. Type AL fractures are rare, usually treated nonoperatively unless a large segment of the medial cortex is involved, which may destabilize the femoral stem and require revision consideration
🔹Type B Fractures: occur at or just distal to the femoral stem and represent the most clinically significant category. Critical distinction lies in implant stability: B1 fractures feature a well-fixed prosthesis and are treated with open reduction + internal fixation. B2 fractures involve a loose stem w/ adequate bone stock, necessitating revision arthroplasty with a long-stem femoral component + adjunctive fixation. B3 fractures present the greatest challenge: a loose implant w/ inadequate bone stock requires revision w/ structural allograft augmentation or allograft-prosthetic composite reconstruction.
🔹Type C Fractures: occur below implant tip; managed w/ standard fracture fixation principles; must avoid creating stress risers between the plate and stem tip
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