08/21/2023
🤓 The Most Important Molecule For Essential Oils
The molecule you see below is called “isoprene”. When it comes to essential oil molecules, isoprene is extremely important. Most of the constituents found in essential oils are molecules that are derived from the isoprene basic building block.
Plant cells have enzymes that combine isoprene units together in different lengths and structural configurations. This is how plants synthesize essential oil molecules. It’s a tad bit more complex than this, but this is the basic gist.
The great majority of molecules found in essential oils can be thought of as some structural combination of this basic building block. The number of isoprene units determine the size of the molecule, and the geometric orientation in space and connection points between the isoprene units determine the chemical shape.
This is how you get the monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, diterpenes, and triterpenes. There are literally thousands of combinations, and thus there are thousands of different essential oil molecules.
Each isoprene unit has 5 carbons. On the diagram below, three of the carbons are labeled. The other two are not shown, but the labeling convention of organic molecules tells us that there’s a carbon where the 3 lines come together at the two different points in the center of molecule.
H stands for hydrogen. So, isoprene is a molecule that contains carbon and hydrogen.
The single lines in the diagram represent a single bond. The double lines represent a double bond.
It is this alternating pattern of single and double bonds that make essential oils great antioxidants. The fancy word chemists use for alternating single and double bonds is “conjugated”. Since isoprene has this structure already built in, any combination of isoprene units will also possess a conjugated bond system. Single-Double-Single-Double-Single-Double……. This pattern is our friend and one of the aspects that make essential oils so powerful.
Think of isoprene like a Lego block. And connecting the legos together in different numbers and configurations gives you the amazing diversity found in essential oil molecules.
Dr. Doug