03/09/2023
Reflection.
I came across this piece I wrote three years ago as a rookie family nurse practitioner and wanted to share it.
Sty, ankle pain, and reductionism
A 43-year-old male patient comes in for right eye pain in a hurry stating he needs to go to the airport to catch the flight. He gives me an unpleasant look when he hears me asking a medical assistant to check his vision. Vision slightly decreased on the right side. I enter the exam room. The patient blurts out, saying, "This is my fourth time having the same problem, and I have seen three ophthalmologists in four months." I am thinking, "What? What do you want me to do for the
problem three eye specialists haven't solved." I talk to him nicely, "you know there is not much I can do for you today in urgent care since you have seen eye doctors for the same problem already, but let me examine you." I examine the patient. Guess what I see? Good old sty. I tell the patient it is a sty and give him the standard treatments.
A 33-year-old male patient presents with right ankle pain for a few days. The patient reports no recent trauma or injury. However, he mentioned having pain in the left ankle a few months ago. He saw his primary care provider, who did an x-ray (no acute findings) and gave him NSAIDs. I examine the patient. I don't see any redness but mild swelling and tenderness on R anterior ankle.
We know the above cases are related to inflammation. Do we, however, ask where the inflammation is coming from? Both cases were not associated with an acute injury that caused inflammation. Acute inflammation is essential to our body's immune system, but chronic inflammation harms health. Chronic inflammation is the root cause of many chronic illnesses, including HTN, DM, cancer, heart disease, dementia, autoimmune disease, etc. I learned in nursing school and NP school that we should treat our patients holistically (a person has a mind, body, and spiritual connections). And yet how we learn about the human body is fragmented. We learn GI, GU, neuro, skin, and ortho, all separately, which might facilitate learning but fail in making connections in organ systems. For example, the link between mental and gut health. Are depression and anxiety the problem only with the brain? The research findings are robust that there is a close relationship between brain and gut health. Therefore, both systems need to be addressed when we treat mental health.
You will less likely be able to find the cause of inflammation if you tend to the eye only for eye problems or ankle only for ankle pain unless it is related to acute injury. But looking at the body as a whole, understanding that it is one whole being that is connected by blood vessels, you can connect the dots, such as excessive sugar igniting your ankle or eye inflammation. One extreme example is diabetes. Diabetes causes diabetic retinopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy, and so on. Many other substances can cause unnecessary inflammation (I am limiting the discussion to blood glucose here).
These two cases are among many others where I gave patients some insight into what might have caused their symptoms.
We might need to focus on one part of our body in certain areas of medicine, such as the surgical world. But do we need so much reductionism in managing chronic conditions?
Going back to patient 1, I confirm his medical history because he denied past medical problems when asked in the triage. I ask him if he has diabetes or prediabetes. He says he was diagnosed with prediabetes quite some time ago. I ask him how his diet has been. He says it hasn't been good because he travels a lot and eats processed and restaurant foods, which contain a lot of sugar and other inflammation-causing ingredients. I tell him, "When you have excessive sugar in your body, it causes inflammation, and you may have this recurring sty as a manifestation of inflammation due to poor glucose control." His eyes lit up. By now, his demeanor is not as uptight, but he gets upset again, saying, "Why didn't anyone tell me this before?" I remain silent and suggest he reduce sugary foods and visit his primary care provider to recheck his prediabetes.
Patient 2, unlike the previous patient, is obese but has no medical history of prediabetes or diabetes. I ask him what kind of foods he eats and if he does sugary drinks. He says he recently has been doing a lot of sugary foods, looking guilty. Here I go again. I explain to the patient how sugary foods can cause inflammation and that he might have ankle pain due to the inflammation from excessive sugar. Also, I further explain to him about looking at our body as a whole, not separately. The patient says it makes sense. I advise him to cut out sugary drinks and foods gradually.
Seobun Kim, FNP, Certified Functional Nutrition Counselor.