04/23/2026
JÖRÐ from Simek's Dictionary of Northern Mythology
(Old Norse, "earth). An Æsir goddess, even though she is also called a giantess. She is Odin's wife, and Thor is frequently said to be her son. According to Snorri, Jörð is the daughter of Nótt ("night") and her second husband, Anarr.
In the late heathen period, as recorded in our oldest literary sources Jörð appears to have only been known as Thor's mother, and she plays no further role as an earth-goddess – as she certainly once was.
It is uncertain whether the names Fjörgyn, Hlóðynn, Fold, and Grund (all meaning "earth") were merely poetic synonyms for the mother of Thor created by the skalds, or whether they are various names for the old earth-goddess Jörð. However, the first suggestion seems to be more likely.
Tacitus refers to the veneration of the earth-mother Nerthus in his Germania. Just as Thor's counterpart in Indian mythology, Indra, is begotten by the god of the heavens Dyaus and the Earth, so Thor is also a son of the Earth, just like the proto-ancestor Tuisto, referred to in Old Germanic myths of descendency (as mentioned by Tacitus).
The Earth as the mother of the gods can no doubt also be understood from the Eddic cosmogony where the giantess Bestla is the mother of the first gods Odin, Vili and Vé, since the giants should be seen as chthonic beings.
DICTIONARY OF NORTHERN MYTHOLOGY by Rudolf Simek
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