Periodic Paralysis Awareness

05/31/2026

• Periodic Paralysis (PP) refers to a group of Channelopathies and are usually genetically inherited. They can causes sudden episodes of muscle weakness, stiffness, or paralysis. These attacks can affect the whole body or just 1 or 2 limbs.

This set of Channelopathies can cause temporary muscle weakness or paralysis. Things like exercise, stress, anxiety, certain types of food even being cold or hot are a few of the things that can trigger these episodes.

In some cases the heart and respiratory system can be affected.

The Periodic Paralyses involve defects in ion channels. These are gateways that let charged minerals (ions) such as sodium and potassium flow into and out of your cells. This flow of ions is a central part of how your muscles work. In PP, the ion channels sometimes fail, and the muscle cells don’t work correctly.

Depending on the form of PP that you have, the symptoms may be mild or severe, and they may last
from minutes to days. Sometimes, the disease may slowly get worse over time and cause permanent muscle damage.

Types of Periodic Paralysis:

Hypokalemic Periodic Paralysis (HypoPP) formally known as Westphall disease.
-A rare genetic, muscle channelopathy characterized by recurrent episodic attacks of generalized muscle weakness associated with a decrease in blood potassium levels.

Hyperkalemic Periodic Paralysis (HyperPP) formally known as Gamstorp disease.
-A rare muscle disorder characterized by episodic attacks of muscle weakness associated with an increase in serum potassium concentration.

Andersen Tawil Syndrome (ATS)
-A disorder that causes episodes of muscle weakness (periodic paralysis), changes in heart rhythm (arrhythmia), and dysphoric features.

Paramyotonia congenita (PMC)
-A rare non-progressive genetic disorder that affects the skeletal muscles. Affected individuals experience spells of muscle stiffness or when the muscles do not relax after contracting.

05/23/2026

• Periodic Paralysis (PP) refers to a group of Channelopathies and are usually genetically inherited. They can causes sudden episodes of muscle weakness, stiffness, or paralysis. These attacks can affect the whole body or just 1 or 2 limbs.

This set of Channelopathies can cause temporary muscle weakness or paralysis. Things like exercise, stress, anxiety, certain types of food even being cold or hot are a few of the things that can trigger these episodes.

In some cases the heart and respiratory system can be affected.

The Periodic Paralyses involve defects in ion channels. These are gateways that let charged minerals (ions) such as sodium and potassium flow into and out of your cells. This flow of ions is a central part of how your muscles work. In PP, the ion channels sometimes fail, and the muscle cells don’t work correctly.

Depending on the form of PP that you have, the symptoms may be mild or severe, and they may last
from minutes to days. Sometimes, the disease may slowly get worse over time and cause permanent muscle damage.

Types of Periodic Paralysis:

Hypokalemic Periodic Paralysis (HypoPP) formally known as Westphall disease.
-A rare genetic, muscle channelopathy characterized by recurrent episodic attacks of generalized muscle weakness associated with a decrease in blood potassium levels.

Hyperkalemic Periodic Paralysis (HyperPP) formally known as Gamstorp disease.
-A rare muscle disorder characterized by episodic attacks of muscle weakness associated with an increase in serum potassium concentration.

Andersen Tawil Syndrome (ATS)
-A disorder that causes episodes of muscle weakness (periodic paralysis), changes in heart rhythm (arrhythmia), and dysphoric features.

Paramyotonia congenita (PMC)
-A rare non-progressive genetic disorder that affects the skeletal muscles. Affected individuals experience spells of muscle stiffness or when the muscles do not relax after contracting.

05/12/2026

• THE EARLY HISTORYOF PERIODIC PARALYSIS

Periodic paralysis (PP) is a rare genetic muscle condition that causes episodes of weakness or temporary paralysis. What many people don’t know is that the history of PP goes back more than 300 years!

THE VERY FIRST DESCRIPTION
In 1698, a physician named William Musgrave in England wrote about a mysterious condition he called “periodical palsy.” He described patients who suffered from unusual, repeated episodes of weakness, what we now recognize as the earliest documented cases of Periodic Paralysis.

- Musgrave’s original letter can still be read through the Royal Society archives: [William Musgrave’s 1698 letter on periodical palsy](https://makingscience.royalsociety.org/items/rbo_7_80/letter-from-william-musgrave-dated-4-june-1698-at-exeter-concerning-periodical-palsy?page=1)

WESTPHAL AND HYPOKALEMIC PERIODIC PARALYSIS
In 1885, German neurologist Carl Westphal studied patients with repeated episodes of weakness connected to drops in blood potassium. This condition became known as Westphal’s Syndrome or Hypokalemic Periodic Paralysis (HypoPP).
-What happens?
Potassium levels in the blood fall, leading to temporary paralysis or weakness.
- How long do attacks last? Usually hours to days.
- Common triggers: high-carb meals, rest after heavy exercise, or stress.
- Learn more about him: [Carl Westphal – Life in the Fast Lane](https://litfl.com/carl-westphal/)

GAMSTORP AND HYPERKALEMIC PERIODIC PARALYSIS
In 1956, Swedish pediatrician Ingrid Gamstorp reported another form of periodic paralysis: Gamstorp Disease, now called Hyperkalemic Periodic Paralysis (HyperPP).
- What happens?
Potassium levels in the blood rise, instead of falling.
- How long do attacks last?Often shorter, minutes to hours.
- Common triggers: fasting, potassium-rich foods, or rest after exercise.
- Read more here: [Ingrid Gamstorp – Life in the Fast Lane](https://litfl.com/ingrid-gamstorp/)

WHY THE NAMES CHANGED
Today, instead of using the older names like Westphal Syndrome or Gamstorp Disease, doctors usually use HypoPP and HyperPP. These names describe the potassium connection more clearly and avoid confusion.

A LONG HISTORY, A STRONG COMMUNITY
From Musgrave’s first description in 1698, to Westphal and Gamstorp’s detailed reports, the history of Periodic Paralysis is long and fascinating. What hasn’t changed is the challenge people with PP face every day, and the importance of connecting with others who truly understand.

For those who want to read more about the historical development of periodic paralysis, there’s also this detailed article: [History of Periodic Paralysis – NIH / NCBI (2018)](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6063177/ )

Submitted by RB, February 2021, Updated June 2025

05/10/2026

• Happy Mother’s Day to every mom in our periodic paralysis community.

You parent through the full range of our episodes, from the minor weakness that others might not notice, to the days when your child can hardly move at all.

You plan meals to help prevent episodes, carefully watch your child’s daily activities, and know when to slow things down to keep them safe.

If an episode happens anyway, you know exactly what to do to help them.

You pay close attention to their periodic paralysis, often worrying more about their body than your own, and quietly carry that responsibility with love.

You carry a lot, and today we want you to know it matters and you are appreciated.

Your care, your patience, and your advocacy do not go unnoticed. You are loved, you are seen, and you are part of a community that understands and supports you.-RB

05/08/2026

05/08/2026

For individuals living with Periodic Paralysis, achieving a harmonious balance in daily activities while avoiding potential triggers is essential. Understanding your limitations and effectively managing them can lead to a better quality of life. A valuable resource to explore is the journal article titled "The Role of Nutrition and Physical Activity as Trigger Factors of Paralytic Attacks in Primary Periodic Paralysis," which can be found here: [Journal Article](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8385530/).

Dietary Considerations
Dietary guidelines can vary significantly depending on the specific type of Periodic Paralysis. Common triggers include high amounts of sugars, carbohydrates, salt, and potassium-rich foods. It is important to be mindful of your specific type of PP and follow tailored dietary recommendations. When indulging in foods that may provoke an episode, moderation is key. The different PP Dietary recommendations [PPSN post by RB]( https://www.facebook.com/share/p/1B4bQwbsTQ/? ).

Excessive physical exertion, whether through exercise or daily tasks, can provoke episodes of Periodic Paralysis. Recognizing your physical limits and making necessary adjustments is crucial. This might mean reassessing daily activities and expectations to align with your capabilities.

More information on exercise and over exertion- https://www.facebook.com/share/p/18kZ1mXpTL/?

Keeping a trigger diary is a proactive step towards understanding and managing your episodes. Identifying and avoiding triggers is the most effective way to prevent them.

It’s important to remember that what works for one person may not work for another. Always consult your physician before making any changes to your healthcare plan.

We encourage you to share your thoughts and experiences.

“Sharing our experiences living with Periodic Paralysis can be incredibly helpful to others in our community. Your experiences MATTER, and we can learn so much from each other!” -RB

STRONGER TOGETHER

Submitted by RB, July 2025