Luvitol

26/02/2020

Microorganisms Trained to P**p Terpenes

Scientists have “trained” some microorganisms to p**p terpenes, including many of the most common terpenes normally found in cannabis. These microorganisms include bacteria, fungi, algae, and even cutworm larvae, but E. coli is the champion of biotransformation, with scientists engineering these common bacteria to produce several different monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes as “waste” products.

When some microorganisms are fed a specific substance as food, the process of digestion or biotransformation results in the organism p**ping out a totally different substance. In many cases, the food taken in becomes terpenes on the way out. Researchers have taken advantage of this s**t, and have even begun engineering certain microorganisms to p**p some of the most useful and difficult-to-produce terpenes.

it’s likely that this could be the beginning of the end of sourcing terpenes from trees, herbs, and other plants, as many of these processes are inefficient and destructive to the environment. One day soon, the bulk of our need for important compounds may be filled with products that were engineered for us in factories staffed by bacteria or fungi. In other words, we’re not too far away from being full of crap :-)

25/01/2020

Luvitol Sleep-Aid contains a blend of sedative terpenes, chamomile and melatonin to help you get a deeper sleep.

Inside each bottle is a powerful herbal blend that was crafted to help balance your natural circadian rhythm and enhance the neurotransmitters produced by the body. This helps the brain to regulate emotions and lower stress levels, which in turn helps create a state of relaxation. This may help make it easier to fall asleep and extend the amount of time you spend sleeping.

07/01/2020

Top Ten Things to Know About Terpenes

Terpenes are the aromatic metabolites found in the oils of all plants. Terpenoid production evolved over time in plants, including cannabis, to attract pollinators and to act as defense compounds. Terpenes play important roles in plant interactions, plant defenses and the other environmental stresses.

Terpenes offer special medicinal and therapeutic benefits that help with everything from insomnia to infections to depression.

Here are the top ten things you need to know about terpenes


1. Terpenes aren’t unique to cannabis.
You can find terpenes in most plants and foods. Myrcene is found in mango, bay leaves and lemongrass; limonene is found in peppermint, rosemary and fruit rinds. Scientifically, these fragrant chemicals called hydrocarbons make food and plants smell the way they do.

2. More than 20,000 terpenes have been identified.
There are more than 20,000 terpenes in existence and at least 100 produced by the cannabis plant. These powerful building blocks can comprise as much as 25 percent of the total oil produced by the plant’s trichome gland. Differences can be subtle, but each cannabis strain has its own terpene content and composition.

3. Cannabis plants thrive because of terpenes.
It’s believed that these pungent smells developed to repel predators, attract pollinators and enhance plant development.

4. Terpenes directly affect your senses.
Escape to the woods with borneol, satisfy your citrus craving with linalool, or refresh your tastebuds with pulegone. A terpene’s makeup correlates to identifiable smells and tastes, explaining why many think Sharks Breath smells like seafood or Blue Dream tastes like mint.

5. Terpenes and CBD are partners in crime.
These chemicals affect our endocannabinoid system just as much as THC and CBD. In fact, terpenes interact synergistically with cannabiniods to affect the psychoactive area of your brain, as well as the blood-brain barrier that changes chemical outputs. Can you say “entourage effect”?

6. Terpenes have serious therapeutic power.
The list of benefits for terpenes is long and many have been heavily researched.
Find a strain with high levels of caryophyllene for anti-inflammatory and arthritis relief. Consider something with linalool if you’re breaking out, or pinene when you’re feeling blue.
View a comprehensive list of benefits from the terpenes used to flavor Luvitol Vanilla Mint Tincture and Luvitol Orange Vanilla Tincture -> https://www.luvitol.com/terpene-health-benefits-orange-vanilla-cbd-tincture/

7. Extraction is key.
Terpenes automatically contain the smell we’ve come to recognize, but cannabis/h**p extraction methods can significantly alter the end product’s terpene profile. Ratios are affected by climate, plant maturation and time of day, and can diminish when high heat is involved. Many products found today use a CBD distillate or isolate, which contains little or no terpenes. Always look for a full spectrum crude extract with a rich terpene profile.

8. Terpene content can diminish over time.
A plant is likely to have lower levels of terpene content a week after harvest, and those levels drop quickly if your bud is improperly stored. It’s been found that a few types of terpenes evaporate faster than others in environments with inadequate lighting and temperature. Take a sniff to see if the smell has changed since you purchased your bud at the dispensary.

9. More mapping, more manipulation.
As researchers learn more about terpenes, they become easier to predict and control. With this power, we can create distinct combinations between flavors and medical benefits for specific needs and wants.

10. We need to know more!
Terpene knowledge will only enhance industry understanding, awareness and opportunities. Many cannabis analysis labs are already testing for terpene content and synergistic ability, but we’re just getting started down the terpene path.

02/01/2020

Study: Elderberries Block Flu Virus From Attaching To and Entering Human Cells

The unique phytochemicals found in elderberries block the virus from entering, or even attaching to, our healthy cells, when taken preventatively during flu season.

Even if the flu has already taken hold, the compound prevents the virus from replicating, eliminating symptoms within 48 hours.

The researchers used commercially farmed elderberries which were turned into a juice serum and were applied to cells before, during and after they had been infected with the influenza virus.

The result was a “potent direct antiviral effect against the flu virus,” said Dr. Golnoosh Torabian.

“It inhibits the early stages of an infection by blocking key viral proteins responsible for both the viral attachment and entry into the host cells.”

The extract was also effective at fighting the virus at later stages of infection, by stimulating infected cells to release cytokines – chemical messengers the immune system uses for communication between different cell types to aid in coordinating a more efficient response.

Previous studies have already shown elderberry extract can ease flu symptoms and cut the duration of the illness in half, but a new study explains exactly how the ancient remedy works.

New Study Source: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1756464619300313?via%3Dihub

07/12/2019

Holidays are meant to be a time for joy, family, rest and relaxation. If stress and anxiety are getting in the way of your festivities, try incorporating h**p products into your daily routine.

To help you enjoy the Holidays and manage the stresses of the season try our limited edition Candy Cane and Peppermint Mocha Tinctures.
Available in dosages of 500mg, 1,000mg and 1,500mg Full Spectrum and flavored with organic ingredients!

Whatever stress the holidays throw your way, handle it in stride with an all-natural product that is proven to provide relief. We would love to talk more with you and answer any additional questions you may have about CBD and its many forms! Feel free to email me or message us on Facebook - we would luv to help you find a product that’s right for you!

06/12/2019

The entourage effect of terpenes

Terpenes are the molecules that give cannabis and other plants their unique aromas and they often have an effect on the brain.

One terpene of particular interest is called limonene. This terpene, popularly associated with citrus aromas, has some unique properties. Anecdotally, it’s reported to affect mood; a 2019 study in humans showed that inhalation of limonene odor lowered heart rate.

Read more about the entourage effect of terpenes -> https://www.leafly.com/news/science-tech/terpenes-in-the-entourage-effect

The entourage effect, or the theory that cannabis compounds work synergistically, may explain why strains make us feel differently. But is there evidence that suggests terpenes play a role in cannabis' effects?

05/12/2019

Natural remedies for chronic bronchitis: how to mitigate the symptoms

Amongst the natural remedies for chronic bronchitis there is increasing your Omega-3 fatty acid intake due to the fact that this compound, found naturally in h**p (and h**p seed), is a natural painkiller that can help alleviate the symptoms of this progressive disease. Omega-3 is also renowned for its antioxidant properties, it does in fact contrast the proliferation of free radicals, slowing down cellular ageing. This fatty acid is essential for our wellbeing but it cannot be produced within our body because the human system is not capable of synthesising its precursor, alpha-linoenic acid, so we need to make sure that we include Omega-3-rich food in our daily diet.

Natural remedies for chronic bronchitis that will help you mitigate its symptoms include drinking a hot herbal tea made with the right ingredients. The CBD, ginger, lemon and elderberry infusion available from Luvitol is very effective against cough.

Soothing and calming, it acts as an expectorant thanks to the anti-inflammatory effect of the active principles combined with the antiseptic and antioxidant action of the vitamin C contained in the lemon.

CBD is extremely effective in treating Bronchitis due to its anti-inflammatory as well as analgesic properties. This cannabinoid can be used to provide relief against the pain and inflammation caused in the bronchial tubes.
CBD is also an anti-bacterial and very effective in killing bacterias and stop them from regenerating.

Therefore, if you are suffering from bronchitis and need an organic, safe and highly potent as well as a vegan remedy to relieve you from Bronchitis, reach for Luvitol CBD.Elderberry Tincture!

02/12/2019

Study: Elderberry Cuts Duration of Colds and Flu in Half

Make sure your medicine cabinet is stocked with Luvitol Elderberry Cold+ Cough + Flu tincture this winter. Studies show it can totally eliminate cold and flu symptoms within 48 hours.

https://returntonow.net/2018/11/18/study-elderberry-cuts-duration-of-colds-and-flu-in-half/

Make sure your medicine cabinet is stocked with elderberry syrup this winter. Studies show it can totally eliminate cold and flu symptoms within 48 hours. Several studies have confirmed the immune-boosting power of elderberries. Studies from 2004 and 2009 demonstrated its ability to cut flu duration...

25/11/2019

Elderberries are the latest magic 'cure' for your cold!

Feel a cold coming on? Instead of guzzling cough syrup, people are increasingly reaching for a buzzy alternative: elderberry.

Sambucol, a black elderberry extract, appears to short-circuit flu symptoms, according to multiple research studies [1, 2, 3, 4].

The evidence is clear that this herbal treatment for flu -- if taken when flu-like symptoms first appear -- could help people get through this year's flu invasion a bit easier.

CBD-Rich H**p, Elderberry, Lavender, Lemon, Honey, Ginger & Thyme work together synergistically as a natural decongestant and have strong anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiviral and antibacterial properties.

Luvitol CBD cough syrup contains only organic ingredients and there are thousands of peer-reviewed studies that confirm the effectiveness of this powerful plant medicine.

Order here -> https://www.luvitol.com/shop/cbd-edibles/cbd-cough-cold-flu

For years as herbal medicine, flowers from the black elder bush have been used to ease flu symptoms, colds, and sinus problems. In recent years, researchers have begun formal studies of Sambucol -- a formulation of elderberry extract -- to better understand this herbal remedy.

Patients in the Sambucol group had "pronounced improvements" in flu symptoms after three days: Nearly 90% of patients had complete cure within two to three days. Also, the Sambucol group had no drowsiness, the downside of many flu treatments.
The placebo group didn't recover until at least day six; they also took more painkillers and nasal sprays.

Ingredients: *CBD-Rich H**p Oil, *Raw Unfiltered Tropical Honey, *Propolis, *Elderberry, *Lavender, *Lemon, *Thyme, *Ceylon Cinnamon, *Ginger
*ORGANIC

Order here -> https://www.luvitol.com/shop/cbd-edibles/cbd-cough-cold-flu

20/11/2019

Cannabis Flavanoid used to treat pancreatic cancer as drug sees tumors shrink then vanish

Scientists hope this will be a major breakthrough in the battle against the illness. Pancreatic cancer has an incredibly high mortality rate because it typically spreads rapidly to nearby organs and is seldom detected in its early stages. Pancreatic cancer is one of the deadliest forms of cancer and only 7% of people diagnosed survive for more than five years.

A team of researchers at the University of Harvard treated mice with compounds derived from the ma*****na plant and found that tumours in 70% of the animals shrank before disappearing completely.

It is one of the hardest forms of cancer to treat but the study has shown that flavonoids – the compound extracted from the ma*****na plant and used in the study – could be the key to beating the illness.

Ma*****na contains more than 200 bioactive compounds and flavonoids account for around 10% of those found in the plant.

But the scientists have found one type of flavonoid in particular, known as FBL-03G, which they believe could be the answer to beating pancreatic cancer.

The treatment also supercharged more traditional radiation therapy, giving the researchers hope that by 2020, the promising treatment could be ready for testing in humans.

Dr Wilfred Ngwa, co-author of the study, said: “People have done studies before showing that sometimes cannabis works against cancer, and sometimes it doesn’t”.

He puts those differences down to wildly varied cannabis strains in different parts of the country, and a lack of consistency in this sense from study to study.

“So maybe the plant we're investigating in Boston is very different from what we're investigating in California”.

Referring to the study, Dr Ngwa added: “We were very surprised with the results we got.

"We expected it to show some inhibition of tumor growth, but we were quite surprised that it [also] inhibited tumor progression in other parts of the body.

"We actually had to run some [additional] measurements to see if this was really true."

The researchers are unsure, however, if the disease in the mice could return, but as things stand they remain cancer-free.

Dr Ngwa went on to explain that he and his team are still working to establish exactly how the flavonoid treatment works but they remain “confident” that it contains anti-cancer elements.

The Harvard scientists have planned further tests in the future and called on the public to remain patient until the results come back

18/11/2019

Holistic Biochemistry of Cannabinoids

Dr. Robert Melamede explains how the Endocannabinoid System functions as a "Global Homeostatic Regulator", balancing several organ systems. He hypothesises that, "Free Radicals are the Friction of Life. Endocannabinoids are the Oil of Life."

Watch here -> https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v8lCFb9Sz-I

At 2004 Cannabis Therapeutics Conference, Dr. Melamede, University of Colorado, explains how the Endocannabinoid System functions as a "Global Homeostatic Re...

17/11/2019

Very interesting video about cannabinoids and their anti-tumor effects, by Robert Melamede,PhD -> https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n31Nuj_AvTg

On this video, Dr. Robert Melamede, Professor of Biology at the University of Colorado, explains how the body's Endo-Cannabinoid system (and plant based Cannabinoids as suppliment) kills cancer cells and inhibits tumor growth. Refering to 1974 U.S.government-sponsored study when THC was found to slow growth of cancer cellshttp://projectcensored.org/publicatio...and to recent research in Spain finding that THC stopped brain tumors in rats and protected surrounding nerve tissue, demonstrating neuroprotectant aspect of Cannabinoids.

PDF of Dr. Guzman's research ->https://americanma*****na.org/cbd-oil-for-cancer/an-Cancer.pdf
Refering to "Homeostatic Regulation" of several body systems by Cannabinoids, Dr. Melamede concludes that Cannabis is indeed a "Miracle Drug", also recommending h**p oil as excellent source of EFAs the body needs to fight disease.
View Dr. Robert Melamede at 2004 Cannabis Therapeutics Conference:"Holistic Biochemistry of Cannabinoids" ->
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v8lCFb9Sz-I

#****cancer

*** Cannabinoids and tumor inhibition in the news again this week!: http://www.mapinc.org/drugnews/v08/n076/a02.html On this video filmed in 2006, Dr. Robert...

17/11/2019

Will Bayer/Monsanto stop promoting aspirin now that we know it causes DEATH?

“The Monsanto owners will now have another fraud to perpetuate.” Bayer and Monsanto recently merged. Could they be planning to downplay aspirin (widely available as a generic) in favor of other, more profitable analgesics? The three articles dissing aspirin use by the elderly were made available free in their entirety on NEJM.org; such unusual generosity suggests a PR campaign. But the large trials on which the articles are based began years ago, and we may be overly suspicious… And it’s probaby just cosmic coincidence that the lead author is J.J. McNeil. (McNeil is the name of the J&J subsidiary that sold the world on Tylenol, an analgesic supposedly safer than aspirin but not really.)

Effect of Aspirin on Disability-free Survival in the Healthy Elderly by J.J. McNeil and Others
(source: https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1800722?query=RP)

In conclusion, these results of the ASPREE trial indicate that, over a median follow-up of 4.7 years, the use of low-dose aspirin in persons 70 years of age or older who did not have cardiovascular disease did not prolong disability-free survival in a predominantly white population.

Effect of Aspirin on Cardiovascular Events and Bleeding in the Healthy Elderly J.J. McNeil and Others
(source: https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1805819?query=RP)

In conclusion, in this randomized trial involving healthy elderly persons who did not have known cardiovascular disease, the use of low-dose aspirin resulted in a significantly higher risk of major hemorrhage and did not result in a significantly lower risk of cardiovascular disease than placebo.

Effect of Aspirin on All-Cause Mortality in the Healthy Elderly J.J. McNeil and Others
(source: https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1803955?query=RP)

Among healthy adults who did not have an indication for aspirin use and were predominantly 70 years of age or older at enrollment, all-cause mortality was apparently higher among those who received daily low-dose aspirin than among those who received placebo, with 1.6 excess deaths per 1000 person-years occurring in the aspirin group after a median of 4.7 years, and cancer was the principal cause of the excess deaths. Other primary prevention trials of aspirin have not identified similar results, which suggests that the mortality results reported here should be interpreted with caution.

17/11/2019

Trade In Your Ibuprofen For Luvitol CBD

Over-the-counter (OTC) and prescription anti-inflammatory medications are easily available, readily prescribed, and very commonly used. The most common anti-inflammatory medications are called NSAIDs: non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs.

Unfortunately, the side effects and complications of NSAIDs are common and serious.
Complications include upper gastrointestinal bleeding and ulcers, heartburn, ringing in the ears, headaches, dizziness, liver or kidney problems, leg swelling, high blood pressure, heart attack, heart failure, stroke, and even death!

In June of 1999, The New England Journal of Medicine estimated that 16,500 NSAID-related deaths occur among Americans with rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis every year.12 Over 100,000 NSAIDs users are hospitalized per year for gastrointestinal complications

NSAIDs work by blocking enzymes called COX-1 and COX-2. These enzymes produce a group of compounds that our cells make called prostaglandins. Prostaglandins made by COX-1 enzymes activate your platelets (for blood clotting) and protect the lining of your stomach and intestines. Prostaglandins made by COX-2 enzymes are made in response to injury or infection, regulating inflammation. Most NSAIDs work non-selectively on both enzymes (except for celecoxib which is a COX-2 inhibitor). This lack of selectivity becomes an issue because pain and inflammation relief from NSAIDs come from blocking COX-2, but unfortunately COX-1 is also blocked, causing unwanted adverse side effects.

I find these statistics and multiple FDA warnings appalling. Using dangerous drugs instead of a healing and non-toxic plant is simply ridiculous.

Over the past two decades, multiple studies have proven the anti-inflammatory benefits of cannabinoids and terpenoids, (compounds that abound in the cannabis plant).1, 4-7, 11 The plant cannabinoids have many different mechanisms of action in their anti-inflammatory properties, including the blockage of pro-inflammatory compounds that are made in the body as a result of injury or illness. CBDA, cannabidiolic acid, the raw non-psychoactive cannabinoid precursor to CBD, showed significant COX-2 enzyme blockage when compared to placebo, two NSAIDs and other cannabinoids.10 Dr. Ethan Russo and Dr. Geoffrey Guy, in their excellent 2005 study, report that the phytocannabinoids work synergistically (the “entourage effect”) to provide balanced and nontoxic medicinal effects when compared with single molecule anti-inflammatories.8

SOURCES:

[1] Booz, George W. “Cannabidiol as an emergent therapeutic strategy for lessening the impact of inflammation on oxidative stress.” Free Radical Biology and Medicine 51.5 (2011): 1054-1061.
[2] Gor AP, Saksena M. Adverse drug reactions of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in orthopedic patients. Journal of Pharmacology & Pharmacotherapeutics. 2011;2(1):26-29. doi:10.4103/0976-500X.77104.
[3] Howard RL, Avery AJ, Slavenburg S, et al. Which drugs cause preventable admissions to hospital? a systematic review. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2007;63(2):136-147
[4] Klein, Thomas W. “Cannabinoid-based drugs as anti-inflammatory therapeutics.” Nature Reviews Immunology 5.5 (2005): 400-411
[5] Mecha, M., et al. “Cannabidiol provides long-lasting protection against the deleterious effects of inflammation in a viral model of multiple sclerosis: A role for A 2A receptors.” Neurobiology of disease 59 (2013): 141-150.
[6] Nagarkatti, Prakash, et al. “Cannabinoids as novel anti-inflammatory drugs.” Future medicinal chemistry 1.7 (2009): 1333-1349
[7] Pertwee, R. G. “Cannabis and cannabinoids: pharmacology and rationale for clinical use.” Pharm Sci 1997;3:539-45.
[8] Russo, Ethan, and Geoffrey W. Guy. “A tale of two cannabinoids: the therapeutic rationale for combining tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol.” Medical hypotheses 66.2 (2006): 234-246.
[9] Slone Epidemiology Unit. Prepared for McNeil Consumer Healthcare. Analgesic use in the adult population of the United States: Acetaminophen, aspirin, ibuprofen and naproxen. Results of a population-based telephone survey, 1998-2001. Report on file, 2001.
[10] Takeda, Shuso, et al. “Cannabidiolic acid as a selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitory component in cannabis.” Drug metabolism and disposition 36.9 (2008): 1917-1921.
[11] Xiong, Wei, et al. “Cannabinoids suppress inflammatory and neuropathic pain by targeting α3 glycine receptors.” Journal of Experimental Medicine (2012): jem-20120242
[12] Wolfe M. MD, et al, The New England Journal of Medicine, June 17, 1999, Vol. 340, No. 24, pp. 1888-1889.

16/11/2019

CBD Therapy for Seizures in Animals

The use of h**p as medicine for animals has been getting a lot of attention in the medical, scientific, and pet owning communities. One of the potential uses showing the most promise is in the treatment of seizures.

Anecdotal reports from pet owners and veterinarians suggest that cannabis can not only reduce seizure frequency, it may be able to lessen seizure severity, shorten recovery time, and potentially even prevent an imminent seizure if the animal is medicated at the first signs of trouble.

The Science of Cannabis and Epilepsy

Despite the renewed interest and availability for research funding, the mechanisms by which cannabis effects seizures are still unclear. One consideration is a specific receptor on neurons, known as “GPR55,” which is thought to mediate seizure activity through regulating the excitability of neurons. CBD appears to limit GPR55’s ability to cause neuronal excitation which is speculated to reduce seizures.

Additionally, some studies have shown epileptic patients to have reduced anandamide (AEA) concentrations in their cerebrospinal fluid and/or alterations in their CB1 receptors. AEA is one of the naturally occurring neurotransmitters in the body that regulates the endocannabinoid system (ECS). CB1 receptors, also part of the ECS, are binding sites for AEA and changes in AEA and/or CB1 receptors are presumed to lead to changes in levels of other neurotransmitters that may ultimately lead to seizure activity. Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) binds CB1 receptors and, in this way, may reduce seizure activity.

Read the original article here -> https://www.projectcbd.org/medicine/cannabis-therapy-seizures-animals

16/11/2019

What Are Cannabis Flavonoids and What Do They Do?

H**p and Ma*****na are known for its cannabinoids and terpenes, but the plant contains other compounds, too. Flavonoids are one of them, and they may be just as important as cannabis’s better known components.
Cannabinoids. Terpenoids. So many -noids are contained in cannabis that it can be a bit tricky to keep track of them all. Well, get ready to add a new one to the list: Flavonoids.

Flavonoids are a group of plant compounds found in every fruit, vegetable, and flower on the planet. That means cannabis is no exception, but cannabis flavonoids are rarely discussed because scientists have largely neglected them in favor of studying cannabinoids and terpenes instead.

Flavonoids offer a ton of health benefits, as they’re powerful antioxidants and with added anti-inflammatory properties, to boot. Flavonoids may explain why people with diets rich in fruits and vegetables experience fewer health problems later in life, and why green teas may fight disease and prolong life, as well.

What Are Some Flavonoids in Cannabis, and What Do They Do?

By the last count, scientists have identified at least 6,000 different flavonoids. Cannabis naturally produces many of these flavonoids, but since cannabis science is still in its infancy stage, they’ll probably discover many more in the coming years.

Two flavonoids to watch for are cannflavin-A and cannflavin-B. While most flavonoids in cannabis are also present in other plants, cannaflavins-A and -B are unique to cannabis. Recent research suggests these flavonoids enhance the painkilling effects of certain medicines, which could help doctors better manage chronic pain in the future. In fact, cannflavin-B may be ma*****na’s most potent painkiller, packing more analgesic power than THC or CBD alone.

Here are some other cannabis flavonoids and their properties:

Kaempferol: Scientists are currently investigating kaempferol as a treatment for at least seven major kinds of cancer. It could help with managing diabetes or preventing HIV’s progression into AIDS, too. Kaempferol can also be found in pretty much every fruit and vegetable found at your local grocery store, as well as aloe vera and rosemary.

Orientin: Studies show orientin has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antibacterial, analgesic, anti-cancer, anti-depressant, and neuroprotective effects. It’s also found in açaí palm, black bamboo leaves, and yellow pheasant flowers.

Vitexin: Ditto as with orientin. Incredibly high doses (read: much too high to reach from regular cannabis consumption) can trigger goiters. It’s also found in Hawthorn, black bamboo leaves, and passion flower.

Isovitexin: Ditto as with vitexin.

Luteolin: There’s strong evidence that luteolin protects the heart and blood vessels, and it could become a medicine for treating and preventing heart attacks. It’s also found in yellow dyer’s w**d, celery, parsley, and chamomile tea.

Apigenin: This flavonoid is best described as one of nature’s non-toxic tranquilizers. It boasts some potential as a cancer treatment, as well. Apeginin is also found in celery, parsley, and chamomile tea.

15/11/2019

New Cannabinoid-Drug Interactions

Some recent highlights and curiosities from the amazing world of cannabis science and therapeutics.

If you are taking medication to regulate blood pressure or the ADD drug Ritalin, consult with your doctor to determine if they use the enzyme carboxylesterase 1 (CES1) to metabolize. If they do, please share the report below with your doctor to determine the best way to take CBD and if you should take it several hours after other medication, or at all.

The interactions between plant cannabinoids and a drug-metabolizing enzyme called carboxylesterase 1 (CES1) was recently published in Drug Metabolism and Distribution. Researchers at the Universities of Michigan and Florida showed that THC, CBD, and cannabinol (CBN) all inhibit CES1. CES1 is important for activating or inactivating drugs that regulate blood pressure, as well as the ADD drug Ritalin. The concentrations at which the cannabinoids inhibit CES1 are large, but the interaction with high-dose CBD could be problematic. Large doses of CBD (hundreds or thousands of miligrams) are sometimes necessary, especially when CBD is used as an isolate. According to this study, THC and CBN are more potent inhibitors of CES1 than CBD, but they are used at much lower doses. Thus it is unlikely that THC or CBN will cause problematic interactions with CES1, though THC could conceivably inhibit CES1 at the peak of a high in heavy cannabis users. THC’s metabolites were also assayed, but they did not strongly affect CES1. Finally, there was some evidence that taking THC or CBN half an hour before the other drugs led to a greater interaction than taking both at the same time, but this didn’t seem to be the case with CBD. (This could be an artifact of the experimental method, or could suggest the mechanism of inhibition.) There’s a significant question that the researchers didn’t answer: What about chronic cannabis consumption? Often times the body adapts to the drugs it encounters; if CBD is inhibiting the CES1 enzyme, the liver may produce more of the enzyme to maintain balance. Currently there is no data to answer this question. The potential for cannabinoid-drug interactions shouldn’t be used to dredge up fears about cannabis, but it highlights another class of drugs that should be monitored when taking large doses of CBD.

The report is freely available here -> https://doi.org/10.1124/dmd.118.086074