12/10/2020
Just a little discussion board post for my nutrition program linking a diverse microbiome to better temperament in children. The research is young but promising! This is not medical advice but my own summary of the research I conducted last week. Resources at the bottom!
Emerging research continuously proves an intercommunication between the gut microbiome and the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord), known as the gut-brain axis (GBA).
This research is broad, complex, and continually investigating gut-brain axis pathways to determine how such tiny and overabundant microbes can play a massive role in our physical and cognitive development, immunity, temperament, chronic disease susceptibility, and digestion.
An extremely superficial explanation is that we are born with a certain level of diversity in our gut bacterial flora from our mothers, which is influenced, over time, by our environmental and food exposure. This continuous fluctuation in our microbiota alters bodily functions and the way we perceive, react, and tolerate life, whether it's metabolically or cognitively.
Research shows that our gut microbiome in early life may play a vital role in infant and toddler temperament, especially in boys. An overabundance of one type of bacteria, such as Rikenellaceae, was correlated with more fearful female toddlers (Ohio State University Center for Clinical and Translational Science, 2015). How did the gut of the female subjects become overabundant in Rikenellaceae? That has yet to be thoroughly investigated, leaving more research to be conducted.
Authors from multiple articles hypothesize diet and environmental (antibiotics, medications, chemicals) exposures may alter the gut microbiome.
It is well established that antibiotics deplete the biome of beneficial and harmful bacteria to override an infection. This pharmaceutical modification in normal flora alters immune modulation, neurotransmitter, and hormonal levels, as well as digestion within the gut-brain-axis (Osadchiy, Martin, & Mayer, 2019).
Current data supports that a diverse microbiome makes for a healthier, happier, and easy-going toddler. A few tips to diversify a baby's microbiome include:
1. Vaginal birthing and breastfeeding an infant for the first six months of life. A mother's vaginal canal will be the first exposure to beneficial bacteria in a newborn. Breastmilk provides infants with the necessary bacteria and immunoglobulins to promote immune health and colonize the gut with beneficial bacteria.
2. Eating a variety of vegetables, fermented, high fiber, non-artificial foods.
3. Not being afraid to let those babes play in the dirt! Continuous exposure to viruses and bacteria proves to enhance the GBA from an early age.
One study utilized the Early Childhood Behavior Questionnaire (ECQ), which spotted the difference in female and male via:
** Emotional reactivity through positive affect and physical/cognitive engagement with a child’s surrounding environment
**Executive attention, and regulation of emotional responses (depression and anxiety) (Osadchiy, Martin, & Mayer, 2019)
Evidence showed that a more diverse gut microbiome portrayed better temperament.
Little Extra Tidbit:
* I was surprised to learn that a boy’s gut microbiome has more influence on temperament than females. Until I remembered, autism rates are higher amongst males, and the GBA has a massive autism implication.
*The non-assigned article I analyzed discussed the vast communication routes between our gut microbiome, gastrointestinal system, and the CNS. It’s incredibly complex and fascinating. I would love to dive deeper into this research. Putting it all together, I better understand that communication occurs between the neural, endocrine, gut, diet, environment, and inflammatory status of an individual. We are just at the tip of the iceberg in research!
**** Instead of being terrified of bacteria and viruses, we must understand their role as symbiotic creatures! Creating a healthy terrain for appropriate symbiosis (living together in harmony) is key!
Definition of Symbiosis via Webster:
characterized by or being a close, cooperative, or interdependent relationship
Christian, L. M., Galley, J. D., Hade, E. M., Schoppe-Sullivan, S., Dush, C. K., & Bailey, M. T. (2015). Gut microbiome composition is associated with temperament during early childhood. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity, 45, 118-127. doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2014.10.018
Osadchiy, V., Martin, C. R., & Mayer, E. A. (2019). The Gut–Brain Axis and the Microbiome: Mechanisms and Clinical Implications. Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 17(2), 322-332. doi:10.1016/j.cgh.2018.10.002
Ohio State University Center for Clinical and Translational Science. (2015, May 27). Toddler temperament could be influenced by different types of gut bacteria. https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2015/05/150527091438.htm.
The microbiome of a toddler's gut may influence their behavior, a new study suggests. Scientists found correlations between temperament and the presence of specific types of intestinal bacteria in both girls and boys. The researchers aren't looking for a way to help parents modify the 'terrible twos...