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03/09/2017

Refeeding syndrome characteristics
16/01/2017

Refeeding syndrome characteristics

Crohn's disease vs.Ulcerative Colitis
15/01/2017

Crohn's disease vs.Ulcerative Colitis

08/01/2017

Commonly Used Tumor Markers

The Wells Score
07/01/2017

The Wells Score

Questions/things to ask/notice when you see a patient with swollen legs .
07/01/2017

Questions/things to ask/notice when you see a patient with swollen legs .

06/01/2017
Ranson's Criteria for Acute pancreatitis severityAt presentation vs. during first 48 hours
04/01/2017

Ranson's Criteria for Acute pancreatitis severity

At presentation vs. during first 48 hours

02/01/2017

A 22-year-old football player comes to the physician because of difficulty in extending his right knee. This
started 1 month ago after he twisted his knee while playing football. There was mild swelling and pain in the
knee the day after the injury. Pain relievers relieved both the pain and swelling. However, now the knee
motion is limited, which significantly restricts his physical activities. Physical examination shows no swelling
of the knee but difficulty in extending it fully. While passively flexed and extended, a popping sensation is
noted under the examiner's fingers (placed at the medial and lateral joint lines of the right knee}. Which of the
following is the most appropriate next step in management?
A. Bone scan
B. lntraarticular steroid injection
C. Arthroscopy
D. Right knee MRI
E. Rest and NSAIDs

02/01/2017

A 67 -year-old male comes to the clinic for medical clearance prior to an elective abdominal aortic aneurysm
repair. He denies any cough, shortness of breath or chest pain. He has coronary artery disease, diabetes
and hypertension. He does not use to***co, alcohol or drugs. His blood pressure is 120/76 mm Hg, pulse is
60/min, and respirations are 14/min. Examination shows no abnormalities, except prominent epigastric
pulsations. Which of the following interventions would be most helpful in preventing postoperative pneumonia
in this patient?
A. Albuterol inhalers
B. Prophylactic antibiotics
C. Incentive spirometry
D. Continuous positive airway pressure
E. Intercostal nerve blocks for pain control

27/12/2016

A 43-year-old male complains of right shoulder pain and weakness after falling on his outstretched hands two
days ago. He denies shoulder deformity. The physician passively abducts both his arms above his head and
then asks him to bring his arms down slowly in an adducting motion. The right arm drops rapidly at the
midpoint of its descent. What is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Biceps tendon tear
B. l ong thoracic nerve injury
C. l ower brachial trunk injury
D. Rotator cuff tear
E. Humeral neck fracture

27/12/2016

A 54-year-old man is brought to the emergency department after a motor vehicle accident. He was a
restrained driver, and his car crashed into a moving car in front of him. The patient was resuscitated with 2 L
normal saline on the way to the hospital. His other medical problems include epilepsy and alcohol abuse. His
medications include antiepileptics. Blood pressure is 78/54 mm Hg and pulse is 126/min. Pulse oximetry
shows 96% on room air. The patient is oriented to time and place and answers questions appropriately.
Examination shows multiple facial lacerations, several anterior chest wall and abdominal wall ecchymoses, a
midline trachea, and normal bilateral breath sounds. The abdomen is mildly tender without distension or
peritoneal signs. There is no pelvic tenderness. Ultrasound in the emergency department shows free
intraperitoneal fluid. Hemoglobin is 12 g/dl. Which of the following is the most likely finding on laparotomy?
A. Ascites
B. Bladder rupture
C. Descending aorta tear
D. Small-bowel perforation
E. Splenic laceration

26/12/2016

A 40-year-old female is brought to the emergency department following a motor vehicle accident in which she
was the front seat passenger. She reports hitting her head against the windshield and hurting her right leg.
She appears completely alert and oriented. Glasgow Coma Scale = 15/15. Her pupils are equal and reactive
to light. There is a bruise over the right forehead, but no tenderness is present on palpation of the cranial
bones. Examination of the right leg reveals a hematoma over the thigh. Knee extension on the right is
markedly reduced when compared to the left. Sensory examination reveals decreased sensory perception to
both sharp and dull stimuli over the medial side of the right lower thigh and leg. All other dermatomes are
intact. What nerve injury is most likely present in this patient?

A. Femoral nerve
B. Tibial nerve
C. Obturator nerve
D. Common peroneal nerve
E. Fibular nerve

26/12/2016

42-year-old man is found unconscious at the scene of a motor vehicle accident. He is rushed to the
emergency department, where his blood pressure is found to be 70/40 mm Hg and respirations are 32/min.
On physical examination, the trachea is deviated to the left and breath sounds are absent on the right side
with tympanitic sounds on percussion. Neck veins are distended bilaterally. The abdomen is soft and
non-distended. There is significant swelling of the right thigh. Which of the following is the most appropriate
next step in the management of this patient?

A.Bedside echocardiography
B. CT scan of the chest with contrast
C. Intubation and mechanical ventilation
D. Needle thoracostomy
E. Two large bore IV lines and fluid resuscitation

24/12/2016

76-year-old woman comes to the emergency department with a 2-day history of lower abdominal pain. She
also complains of mild nausea but denies any vomiting. Her other medical problems include arthritis and
constipation. Her medications include acetaminophen and docusate. Her temperature is 37.9• C (1 00.2• F),
blood pressure is 144/92 mm Hg, and pulse is 90/min. Physical examination reveals left lower quadrant
(llQ) tenderness on deep palpation. Computed tomography (CT) scan of the abdomen shows sigmoid
diverticula and perisigmoid stranding suggestive of inflammation. She is started on oral ciprofloxacin and
metronidazole. Three days later, she returns to the emergency department because of persistent abdominal
pain. She also complains of some nausea, and her last bowel movement was 12 hours ago. Examination
shows llQ tenderness without guarding or rebound. Repeat CT scan shows a 5-cm perisigmoid fluid
collection. l aboratory studies reveal:
Hemoglobin 13.5 g/dl
Platelet count 455,000/mm'
WBC 14,500/mm'
Which of the following is the most appropriate next step in management?

17/12/2016

An 18-year-old woman at 9 weeks' gestation is brought to the emergency department because of an open
fracture of the tibia and fibula. She is hemodynamically stabilized and referred to the orthopedic department.
She is scheduled for internal fixation of the tibia for the following day. However, before the surgery she
develops severe dyspnea and confusion. Her temperature is 37.7 C (99.9• F), blood pressure is 110/70 mm
Hg, pulse is 11 0/min, and respirations are 22/min. Examination shows numerous non-palpable petechiae in
the upper part of the body. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

What should you consider when inspecting a Hernia
13/12/2016

What should you consider when inspecting a Hernia

09/12/2016

Post Operative Complication (Pyrexia)

Understanding different suture materials:
21/11/2016

Understanding different suture materials:

From among the Antibiotic regimens in Surgery :
21/11/2016

From among the Antibiotic regimens in Surgery :

Pre-operative Checklist:
09/11/2016

Pre-operative Checklist:

07/08/2016

Causes of avascular necrosis:

Acronym " Plastic Rags"

P ancreatitis
L upus
A lcohol
S teroids
T rauma
I diopathic, infection
C aisson disease, collagen vascular disease
R adiation, rheumatoid arthritis
A myloid
G aucher disease
S ickle cell disease

06/08/2016

Important abdominal signs, and their significance include:

1- Rovsings sign----> for -----> appendicitis
2- Boas sign ----->for ------>cholecystitis
3- Murphys sign----->for-------> cholecystitis
4- Cullens sign--------for-------> pancreatitis (other intraabdominal haemorrhage)
4- Grey-Turners sign- pancreatitis (or other retroperitoneal haemorrhage)

Abdominal Areas terminology
06/08/2016

Abdominal Areas terminology

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