17/10/2022
(piles)
Haemorrhoids (also known as piles) are swollen and inflamed veins in the re**um or a**s. Typical symptoms are pain, itching, and bleeding around the a**l area. Treatment and prevention will often involve non-prescription ointments, other home treatments, and lifestyle changes. Haemorrhoids that do not clear up may require a visit to your doctor and, in some cases, minor surgery.
Causes
The exact cause of haemorrhoids is unknown. However, they are associated with an increase in pressure in the lower re**um, which can cause the blood vessels in the lower re**um to become swollen and inflamed.
The following factors can increase pressure within the lower re**um and hence may increase the risk of developing haemorrhoids:
•Straining to have a bowel movement
•Sitting for lengthy periods of time, especially on the toilet
•Chronic (longlasting) constipation or diarrhoea
•Being overweight or obese
•Pregnancy
•Low-fibre diet
•Family history of haemorrhoids.
Haemorrhoids are common and occur in most people at some stage during their lives. They tend to occur more frequently later in life due to age-related weakening and stretching of the tissues supporting the veins in the re**um and a**s.
Signs and symptoms
Symptoms often depend on whether a haemorrhoid is located on the inside or outside of the body.
Internal haemorrhoids lie inside the re**um and usually do not cause discomfort. However, straining or irritation when passing a stool can damage the surface of a haemorrhoid causing it to bleed. Sometimes, straining can push an internal haemorrhoid through the a**l opening resulting in a protruding or pr*****ed haemorrhoid, which can cause pain and irritation.
External haemorrhoids lie under the skin around the a**s. When irritated they can itch or bleed. Blood can pool inside an external haemorrhoid and form a clot, causing severe pain, swelling, and inflammation.
Signs and symptoms of haemorrhoids may include:
•Pain or discomfort, especially when sitting
•Pain during bowel movements
•Itching or irritation around the a**l region
•Bright red blood on your stools, toilet paper or in the toilet bowl
•Swelling around the a**s
•One or more lumps near the a**s, which might be tender or painful.
•Bleeding during bowel movements is the most common sign of haemorrhoids. Re**al bleeding can, however, indicate a more serious condition, such as bowel cancer or a**l cancer. You should consult your doctor if:
•Your haemorrhoids bleed frequently or excessively
•Your haemorrhoids do not improve after one week of self-treatment
•Your haemorrhoid symptoms have been accompanied by an obvious change in bowel habits
•You are passing black or maroon-coloured stools
•Blood clots have formed
•Blood is mixed in with the stool.
•Haemorrhoids that occur during pregnancy usually resolve after giving birth.
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