11/09/2025
💡 Metformin is a powerful tool in diabetes management, but it's crucial to be aware of the serious, risk of metformin-associated lactic acidosis (MALA).
⚠️ MALA can lead to severe outcomes, including death, hypothermia, hypotension, and bradyarrhythmia.
Understanding the risk factors is paramount for patient safety.
⚠️ Identify High-Risk Patients:
Be vigilant with patients who have conditions that increase the risk of MALA. These include:
▪️Renal dysfunction:
Impaired kidney function can lead to metformin accumulation.
▪️Hypoxic states:
Conditions like congestive heart failure, myocardial infarction, sepsis, shock, and severe anemia create an environment ripe for lactic acid buildup.
▪️Dehydration:
Severe vomiting or diarrhea can lead to volume depletion and renal impairment, increasing risk.
▪️Excessive alcohol intake:
Alcohol potentiates metformin's effect on lactate metabolism.
▪️Advanced age:
Patients 65 years and older are more likely to have underlying hepatic, renal, or cardiac issues.
💡 Clinical Best Practices:
✅️ Routine Renal Function Monitoring:
Assess renal function at least annually, and more frequently for older adults or high-risk patients.
✅️ Educate Patients:
Inform patients and their families about the symptoms of lactic acidosis, such as malaise, myalgia, respiratory distress, and abdominal pain. Instruct them to discontinue metformin immediately and seek medical attention if symptoms appear.
✅️ Immediate Action:
If MALA is suspected, discontinue metformin at once. Promptly initiate supportive hospital measures and consider immediate hemodialysis to remove accumulated metformin and correct the acidosis.
✅️ By staying alert to these risk factors and implementing these best practices, you can help mitigate the risk of MALA and ensure the safest possible care for your patients.
Prioritise your patients' safety. Share this vital information to help protect our community.