31/08/2025
🚨 ESC 2025 Pregnancy & Heart Disease 🚨
🫀 Pregnancy Heart Team
Mandatory for all mWHO II–III and above, from pre-pregnancy through postpartum.
mWHO IV: Team must counsel on extreme risks, including possible pregnancy termination with full psychological support.
📊 Heart Failure & Biomarkers
BNP/NT-proBNP: measure before and during pregnancy in women with prior HF, PPCM, cardiomyopathies, or PAH.
PPCM: continue HF therapy ≥12 months after recovery; genetic testing should be considered.
💊 Pharmacology Highlights
Beta-blockers: continue in all cardiomyopathies, LQTS, CPVT, and HTADs (Marfan, etc.). Nadolol/propranolol preferred in channelopathies.
Flecainide: add for CPVT breakthroughs or AF rhythm control.
Avoid ACEIs/ARBs/ARNIs/MRAs/ivabradine/SGLT2i and myosin inhibitors (mavacamten).
Pregnant women with coronary stents should receive DAPT (aspirin and clopidogrel) for the same duration as non-pregnant women, with adjustments based on ischemic and delivery bleeding risks.
Statins may be continued in established ASCVD (case-by-case).
❤️ Delivery & Intervention
Vaginal delivery recommended for most cardiomyopathies; caesarean only for obstetric or defined cardiac indications (include EF under 30 or NYHA III–IV, uncontrolled arrhythmia, severe LVOTO 50 mmHg or more, or in labour on VKAs.).
Severe AS unresponsive to meds: balloon valvuloplasty or TAVI may be considered.
Bioprosthetic valves recommended for young women planning pregnancy; mechanical valves need individualized anticoagulation plan (VKA vs. LMWH).
🩸 Arrhythmias
AF with high stroke risk: LMWH anticoagulation recommended.
Catheter ablation: consider in drug-refractory SVT/VT, prefer non-fluoro systems.
🫁 Aortopathies & PAH
Marfan/HTAD: beta-blockers throughout pregnancy and postpartum.
Aortic dissection history: extended counselling, surgery if Marfan aorta >45 mm.
PAH: very high risk, 30% maternal mortality—multidisciplinary shared decision.
⚡ Emergencies
VTE suspicion: immediate validated diagnostic tests; treat with LMWH.
Chest pain: always exclude PE, ACS/SCAD, or aortic syndromes.
Cardiac arrest ≥20 wks: continuous left uterine displacement + IV above diaphragm. Do not withhold ACLS drugs.
📉 Blood Pressure & Pre-eclampsia
Target