Medical anatomy

10/03/2015

10/05/2013

04/03/2012

Syndesmology

Development of the joints
Classification of joints
The kind of movement admitted in joints
Articulations of the trunk
Articulations of the vertebral column
Articulation of the atlas with the epistropheus or axis
Articulations of the vertebral column with the cranium
Articulation of the mandible
Costovertebral articulations
Sternocostal articulations
Articulation of the manubrium and body of the sternum
Articulation of the vertebral column with the pelvis
Articulations of the pelvis
Articulations of the upper extremity
Sternoclavicular articulation
Acromioclavicular articulation
Humeral articulation or shoulder-joint
Elbow-joint
Radioulnar articulation
Radiocarpal articulation or wrist-joint
Intercarpal articulations
Carpometacarpal articulations
Intermetacarpal articulations
Metacarpophalangeal articulations
Articulations of the digits
Articulations of the lower extremity
Coxal articulation or hip-joint
The knee-joint
Articulations between the tibia and fibula
Talocrural articulation or ankle-joint
Intertarsal articulations
Tarsometatarsal articulations
Intermetatarsal articulations
Metatarsophalangeal articulations
Articulations of the digits
Arches of the foot
[edit]Myology

Mechanics of muscle
Development of the muscles
Tendons, aponeuroses, and fasciae
The fasciae and muscles of the head.
The muscles of the scalp
The muscles of the eyelid
The muscles of the nose
The muscles of the mouth
The muscles of mastication
The fasciae and muscles of the anterolateral region of the neck
The superficial cervical muscle
The lateral cervical muscles
The supra- and infrahyoid muscles
The anterior vertebral muscles
The lateral vertebral muscles
The fasciae and muscles of the trunk
The deep muscles of the back
The suboccipital muscles
The muscles of the thorax
The muscles and fasciae of the abdomen
The muscles and fasciae of the pelvis
The muscles and fasciae of the perineum
The fascia and muscles of the upper extremity
The muscles connecting the upper extremity to the vertebral column
The muscles connecting the upper extremity to the anterior and lateral thoracic walls
The muscles and fasciae of the shoulder
The muscles and fasciae of the arm
The muscles and fasciae of the forearm
The muscles and fasciae of the hand
The muscles and fasciae of the lower extremity.
The muscles and fasciae of the iliac region
The muscles and fasciae of the thigh
The muscles and fasciae of the leg
The fasciae around the ankle
The muscles and fasciae of the foot
[edit]Angiology

The blood
Development of the vascular system
The thoracic cavity
The pericardium
The heart
Peculiarities in the vascular system in the fetus
[edit]The Arteries

The aorta
The arteries of the head and neck
The common carotid artery
Relations
The external carotid artery
The triangles of the neck
The internal carotid artery
The arteries of the brain
The arteries of the upper extremity
The subclavian artery
The axilla
The axillary artery
The brachial artery
The radial artery
The ulnar artery
The arteries of the trunk
The descending aorta
The thoracic aorta
The abdominal aorta
The common iliac arteries
The hypogastric artery
The external iliac artery
The arteries of the lower extremity
The femoral artery
The popliteal fossa
The popliteal artery
The anterior tibial artery
The arteria dorsalis pedis
The posterior tibial artery
[edit]The Veins

The pulmonary veins
The systemic veins
The veins of the heart
The veins of the head and neck
The veins of the exterior of the head and face
The veins of the neck
The diploic veins
The veins of the brain
The sinuses of the dura mater. ophthalmic veins and emissary veins
The veins of the upper extremity and thorax
The veins of the lower extremity, abdomen, and pelvis
The portal system of veins
[edit]The Lymphatic system

The thoractic duct
The lymphatics of the head, face, and neck
The lymphatics of the upper extremity
The lymphatics of the lower extremity
The lymphatics of the abdomen and pelvis
The lymphatic vessels of the thorax
[edit]Neurology

Structure of the nervous system
Development of the nervous system
The spinal cord or medulla spinalis
The brain or encephalon
The hindbrain or rhombencephalon
The midbrain or mesencephalon
The forebrain or prosencephalon
Composition and central connections of the spinal nerves
Pathways from the brain to the spinal cord
The meninges of the brain and medulla spinalis
The cerebrospinal fluid
The cranial nerves
The olfactory nerves
The optic nerve
The oculomotor nerve
The trochlear nerve
The trigeminal nerve
The abducent nerve
The facial nerve
The vestibulocochlear nerve
The glossopharyngeal nerve
The vagus nerve
The accessory nerve
The hypoglossal nerve
The spinal nerves
The posterior divisions
The anterior divisions
The thoracic nerves
The lumbosacral plexus
The sacral and coccygeal nerves
The sympathetic nerves
The cephalic portion of the sympathetic system
The cervical portion of the sympathetic system
The thoracic portion of the sympathetic system
The abdominal portion of the sympathetic system
The pelvic portion of the sympathetic system
The great plexuses of the sympathetic system
[edit]The Organs of the Senses and the Common Integument

The peripheral organs of the special senses
The organs of taste
The organ of smell
The organ of sight
The tunics of the eye
The refracting media
The accessory organs of the eye
The organ of hearing
The external ear
The middle ear or tympanic cavity
The auditory ossicles
The internal ear or labyrinth
Peripheral terminations of nerves of general sensations
The common integument
[edit]Splanchnology

The respiratory apparatus
The larynx
The trachea and bronchi
The pleurae
The mediastinum
The lungs
The digestive apparatus
The mouth
The fauces
The pharynx
The esophagus
The abdomen
The stomach
The small intestine
The large intestine
The liver
The pancreas
The uroge***al apparatus
Development of the urinary and generative organs
The urinary organs
The kidneys
The ureters
The urinary bladder
The male urethra
The female urethra
The male ge***al organs
The te**es and their coverings
The ductus deferens
The vesiculae seminales
The ejaculatory ducts
The p***s
The prostate
The bulbourethral glands
The female ge***al organs
The ovaries
The uterine tube
The uterus
The va**na
The cl****is
Bartholin's glands
The external organs
The mammae
The ductless glands
The thyroid gland
The parathyroid glands
The thymus
The hypophysis cerebri
The pineal body
The chromaphil and cortical systems
The spleen
[edit]Surface Anatomy and Surface Markings

Surface anatomy of the head and neck
Surface markings of special regions of the head and neck
Surface anatomy of the back
The lozenges of Aphrodite
Surface markings of the back
Surface anatomy of the thorax
Surface markings of the thorax
Surface anatomy of the abdomen
Surface markings of the abdomen
Surface anatomy of the perineum
Surface markings of the perineum
Surface anatomy of the upper extremity
Surface markings of the upper extremity
Surface anatomy of the lower extremity
Surface markings of the lower extremity

04/03/2012

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04/03/2012

Human Anatomy Lovers
((The Popliteal Fossa))

* This diamond-shaped region is posterior to the knee, between the semitendinosus and biceps femoris tendons. It lies posterior to the distal third of the femur, the knee joint and the proximal part of the tibia.
* This fossa appears as a hollow when the knee is flexed.

* Skin and fasciae form the roof of the popliteal fossa (its posterior wall).
* The superficial popliteal fascia contains fat, the small saphenous vein, and three cutaneous nerves.

* The roof is pierced proximally by the posterior femoral cutaneous nerve and distally by the small saphenous vein.
* This vein perforates the deep popliteal fascia and ends in the popliteal vein.

* The deep popliteal fascia forms a strong, dense sheet of deep fascia, which affords a protective covering for the neurovascular structures passing from the thigh to the leg.
* The deep fascia of the thigh is strengthened posterior to the knee by transverse fibres. When the leg is extended, the semimembranosus muscle moves laterally, offering further protection for these structures.

* The popliteal surface of the femur, the oblique popliteal ligament, an expansion of the semimembranosus tendon, and the popliteus fascia form the floor of the popliteal fossa (its anterior wall).

Boundaries of the Popliteal Fossa

* Superolaterally: biceps femoris muscle.
* Superomedially: semimembranosus and semitendinosus muscles.
* Inferolaterally and inferomedially: lateral and medial heads of the gastrocnemius muscle.

Contents of the Popliteal Fossa

* When the muscles forming the boundaries of the fossa are pulled apart, especially the heads of the gastrocnemius, the popliteal fossa and its contents can be observed.
* Although the fossa appears large when this is done, normally the muscles are packed closely together and the fossa is relatively small.
* The contents of the fossa are: fat; the popliteal vessels (artery, vein, and lymphatics); the tibial and common peroneal nerves; the small saphenous vein; the end branch of the posterior femoral cutaneous nerve; and articular branch of the obturator nerve; four to six popliteus lymph nodes; and the popliteus bursa.