Bashir Safi Clinic

16/07/2025

The Amazing Journey of Life: A Glimpse into Fetal Development!

From a tiny cluster of cells to a fully developed baby ready to meet the world – the process of fetal development is truly one of nature's most incredible marvels! This visual guide beautifully illustrates the intricate growth that happens week by week, and it's a powerful reminder of the miracle unfolding within.

First Trimester (0-13 Weeks): The Foundation is Laid
This is a period of rapid and critical development!
* 0-2 Weeks: Pregnancy officially begins!

* 4 Weeks: A home pregnancy test can confirm what's happening – the ball of cells becomes an embryo.

* 6 Weeks: Major organ systems, including the brain and spinal cord, begin to develop. The heart even starts to beat!

* 8 Weeks: All body parts are present, and the brain continues its incredible growth.

* 10-12 Weeks: Critical development continues with organs, limbs, and intestines forming. By 12 weeks, the fetus can swallow, kidneys make urine, and reflexes have developed!

Second Trimester (14-27 Weeks): Growth and Refinement
Often called the "honeymoon phase" of pregnancy, this trimester sees significant growth and refinement.

* 14-16 Weeks: Lanugo (fine hair) develops, and the fetus starts to fill out. You might even start to feel those first fluttery movements!

* 18-20 Weeks: Organs and structures are well-formed. The halfway point of pregnancy! The fetus is covered in vernix caseosa, a protective, cheese-like coating.

* 22-26 Weeks: Fetal facial features become more distinct, taste buds develop, and the lungs are beginning to practice breathing movements!
Third Trimester (28-40 Weeks): Preparing for Arrival!

The final stretch is all about significant weight gain, maturation, and getting ready for birth.

* 28-30 Weeks: Breathing movements and body temperature regulation develop. Major fetal development is complete, and the baby begins rapid weight gain.

* 32-34 Weeks: Bones harden, and the liver develops, processing waste products.

* 36 Weeks: The fetus gains a significant fat layer under the skin, which helps keep them warm after birth.

* 38 Weeks: The lanugo begins to shed.

* 40 Weeks: Full term! Your little one is fully developed and ready to join your family.

Every week brings new wonders and milestones. It's truly amazing to see how much development happens in such a relatively short period!

15/07/2025

15/07/2025

🩺💧 Know Your IV Fluids – Life-Saving Choices at a Glance! 💉🧠
Whether it’s a case of dehydration, sepsis, or hypoglycemia, choosing the right fluid matters! Here’s a quick guide to the fluid of choice for common medical conditions👇

🌪️ Diarrhoea – 🧴 Ringer Lactate (RL)
🤢 Vomiting – 🧂 Normal Saline (NS)
🔥 Burns – 🧴 Ringer Lactate (RL)
🦠 Sepsis – 💧 Crystalloid
💦 Sweating – 🧂 ½ Normal Saline (½ NS)
🧠 Head Injury – 🧂 NS > RL
🫀 Hepatorenal Syndrome (HRS) – 💉 Albumin
🩸 DKA (Diabetic Ketoacidosis) – 🧂 Normal Saline (NS)
🍬 Hypoglycemia – 🍭 IV Dextrose

💡 Always use clinical judgment and monitor electrolytes closely!
📌 Save this for quick reference and share with your fellow medics.

🔖

06/02/2025

CIRCLE OF WILLIS

The circle of Willis (cerebral arterial circle or circulus arteriosus) is an anastomotic ring of arteries located at the base of the brain. This arterial anastomotic circle connects the two major arterial systems to the brain, the internal carotid arteries and the vertebrobasilar (vertebral and basilar arteries) systems. It is formed by four paired vessels and a single unpaired vessel with numerous branches that supply the brain.

The main function of the circle of Willis is to provide a collateral blood flow between the anterior and posterior arterial systems of the brain. Additionally, it offers the alternate blood flow pathways between the right and left cerebral hemispheres. This way the circle protects the brain from ischemia and stroke in cases of vascular obstruction or damage.

18/01/2025

سټروک (Stroke)
د یو جدي طبي حالت نوم دی چې هغه وخت پېښیږي کله چې د دماغ یوې برخې ته د وینې جریان ناڅاپه بند شي یا لږ شي. دا حالت د دماغ د حجرو مرګ یا زیان سبب کېږي، چې ژر روغتیايي مرسته کولو ته اړتیا لري.

د سټروک ډولونه:

1. اسکیمیک سټروک (Ischemic Stroke):
د وینې جریان د یوې رګ بندښت له امله درول کېږي. دا د سټروکونو تر ټولو عام ډول دی (شاوخوا 87٪ پېښې).

لاملونه: د رګونو تنګوالی (Atherosclerosis)، د وینې ټوخه (Blood Clot).

2. همورجیک سټروک (Hemorrhagic Stroke):
د رګ د چاودېدو له امله د دماغ دننه یا شاوخوا وینه بهېږي.

لاملونه: د وینې لوړ فشار، د رګونو د کمزورتیا حالتونه (Aneurysms).

3. ټرانزیټ اسکمیک اټیک (TIA) یا موقتي سټروک:
د وینې جریان لنډمهاله بندښت چې نښې یې د څو دقیقو یا ساعتونو لپاره وي، خو دایمي زیان نه رسوي. دا د "مینی سټروک" په نوم هم یادېږي.

د سټروک نښې:

ناڅاپي کمزورتیا یا بې حسه کېدل، په ځانګړي ډول د بدن یوې برخې (لاس، پښه یا مخ).

د خبرو کولو یا پوهېدلو ستونزې.

د یوې یا دواړو سترګو لید ستونزه.

ناڅاپي سر دردي، په ځانګړي ډول که د دلیل پرته وي.

د توازن یا همغږي د له منځه تلو ستونزې.

د سټروک لپاره د FAST ټیسټ:

F (Face): مخ ته وګورئ، ایا یو اړخ ښکته شوی؟

A (Arms): ایا لاسونه جګول ستونزمن دي؟

S (Speech): ایا خبرې نامنظمې یا ناڅرګندې دي؟

T (Time): که دا نښې ووینئ، سمدستي مرسته وغواړئ.

د سټروک لاملونه:

لوړ فشار (Hypertension).

د وینې لوړ کولیسټرول.

شکر.

د زړه ناروغۍ (لکه Atrial Fibrillation).

د ژوند ناسالم طرز (لکه د سګرټو څکول، چاغوالی، او کم فعالیت).

د مخنیوي لارې:

د وینې فشار او شکر کنټرول.

سالم خواړه، لکه میوې او سبزیجات خوړل.

منظم ورزش.

د سګرټو او الکولو نه کارول.

د ډاکټر لخوا وړاندیز شوي درمل خوړل.

درملنه:

اسکیمیک سټروک: د وینې ټوخه ماتونکي درمل یا د وینې جریان ښه کوونکي اقدامات.

همورجیک سټروک: د وینې بهېدنې بندولو او فشار کمولو لپاره درمل یا جراحي.

بیا رغونه: فزیکي، د وینا یا شغلي درملنه.

عمومي طبي معلومات

28/12/2024

💢 Spinal disc problems refer to issues that arise with the intervertebral discs, which act as cushions between the vertebrae in the spine.

Here are some common types of spinal disc problems and their effects:

1. Herniated Disc: This occurs when the inner gel-like core of the disc (nucleus pulposus) bulges out through a tear in the outer layer (annulus fibrosus). This can press on nearby nerves, causing pain, numbness, or weakness in the arms or legs, depending on the location of the herniation.

2. Degenerative Disc Disease: As people age, discs can lose hydration and elasticity, leading to degeneration. This can cause pain, stiffness, and reduced range of motion. It may also contribute to the development of osteoarthritis in the spine.

3. Bulging Disc: Similar to a herniated disc, a bulging disc involves the disc protruding beyond its normal boundary. However, it is less severe than a herniation and may not always cause symptoms. When it does, it can still lead to nerve compression and associated pain.

4. Disc Tear: Tears in the disc can occur due to injury or degeneration. This may lead to localized pain and, if the tear is significant, may also result in a herniation.

💥 Symptoms - Common symptoms of spinal disc problems include back pain, radiating pain into the legs or arms, numbness or tingling, muscle weakness, and difficulty with movement. The severity and location of symptoms depend on which disc is affected and whether nerves are compressed.

💥 Treatment Options - Treatment may include physical therapy, medication (such as pain relievers or anti-inflammatory drugs), steroid injections, and in some cases, surgery. Lifestyle changes, such as maintaining a healthy weight and exercising regularly, can also help manage symptoms.

💥 Prevention - To prevent spinal disc problems, it is important to maintain good posture, engage in regular exercise, lift heavy objects correctly, and avoid prolonged sitting or standing.

Understanding spinal disc problems can help in seeking appropriate treatment and implementing preventive measures to maintain spinal health.

16/10/2024

The liver is the largest internal organ and plays a vital role in metabolism, detoxification, and nutrient storage. It is located in the upper right quadrant of the abdomen, just below the diaphragm.

Major Anatomical Features:

1. Lobes:

The liver is divided into two primary lobes: the right lobe, which is much larger, and the left lobe, which is smaller.

There are also two smaller lobes on the underside of the liver, known as the caudate lobe and the quadrate lobe.

2. Capsule:

The liver is covered by a thin, strong fibrous layer called Glisson's capsule, which protects it and maintains its shape.

3. Blood Supply:

The liver has a dual blood supply:

The hepatic artery delivers oxygen-rich blood from the heart.

The portal vein brings nutrient-rich blood from the digestive organs (stomach, intestines, pancreas, and spleen).

Blood flows through the liver lobules (functional units), where the liver processes nutrients, detoxifies substances, and metabolizes fats and proteins.

The processed blood leaves the liver through the hepatic veins, which drain into the inferior vena cava.

4. Lobules:

The liver is composed of hexagonal lobules, which are the functional units. Each lobule contains rows of liver cells (hepatocytes) that surround a central vein.

The edges of each lobule contain branches of the portal vein, hepatic artery, and bile duct, which together form the portal triad.

5. Bile Duct System:

The liver produces bile, which helps digest fats. Bile produced by hepatocytes drains into small ducts, which merge into larger ones and eventually form the common bile duct. The bile either moves into the small intestine or is stored in the gallbladder.

6. Surrounding Structures:

The liver is adjacent to important organs such as the diaphragm, gallbladder (attached to its underside), stomach, and intestines. Its superior surface touches the diaphragm, while its inferior surface contains indentations from the stomach and right kidney.

The liver is vital for processing nutrients, synthesizing proteins, producing bile, detoxifying substances, and storing glycogen, vitamins, and minerals.

12/09/2024

Meaning ✅️