28/09/2025
Ever wondered what the difference is between a herniated disc and a bulging disc? These two terms are often confused but they describe different stages or severities of disc problems in the spine. Here’s a clear breakdown:
Spinal disc basics
• Discs are cushion-like structures between the vertebrae.
• Each disc has a tough outer layer (annulus fibrosus) and a gel-like center (nucleus pulposus).
Bulging Disc
• The disc extends beyond its normal boundary, but the outer layer (annulus) is still intact.
• Think of it like a hamburger patty that’s a bit too big for the bun — it sticks out but nothing is leaking.
• It usually bulges evenly around the disc’s circumference, though sometimes more on one side.
• May cause no symptoms, or can press on nerves if the bulge is significant.
Herniated Disc
• The outer layer (annulus) has cracked or torn, and part of the inner gel (nucleus) has pushed out.
• More focal than a bulge, often compared to toothpaste squeezing out of a tube.
• More likely to irritate or compress nearby spinal nerves, which can cause pain, numbness, tingling, or weakness (like sciatica if it’s in the lower back).
• Considered more serious than a bulge.