13/08/2025
Scientists have discovered that natural lithium in the brain plays a key protective role against Alzheimer disease (AD), and its depletion may be one of the earliest triggers of the condition.
What is the earliest spark that ignites the memory-robbing march of Alzheimer disease? Why do some people with Alzheimer-like changes in the brain never go on to develop dementia? These questions have perplexed researchers for decades. Now, a team of researchers at Harvard Medical School may have found at least one part of an answer, and that is lithium in the brain.
In a study published in the eminent journal Nature, they proposed that lithium exists naturally in the brain at biologically meaningful levels, shielding neurons from degeneration and supporting all major brain cell types. In early changes in AD, amyloid-beta plaque binds to lithium, depleting it and impairing brain function, even before major damage occurs.
Their findings, 10 years in the making, are based on a series of experiments in mice and analyses of human brain tissue and blood samples from individuals at various stages of cognitive health.
Studies in human brain tissue, blood samples and mice showed that lithium loss occurs at the earliest stages of cognitive decline. Low lithium was consistently found in mild cognitive impairment and AD brains, but not in healthy controls.
In the mouse model, restoring lithium, especially with lithium orotate which evades amyloid capture, reversed damage and restored memory, even in late-stage disease. The lithium orotate worked at doses 1,000 times lower than clinical lithium carbonate (used for bipolar disorder), avoiding any toxicity.
“The idea that lithium deficiency could be a cause of Alzheimer’s disease is new and suggests a different therapeutic approach,” said senior author Bruce Yankner, professor of genetics and neurology in the Blavatnik Institute at Harvard Medical School. “What impresses me the most about lithium is the widespread effect it has on the various manifestations of Alzheimer’s. I really have not seen anything quite like it all my years of working on this disease,” said Yankner.
These results tie in with decades-long observational studies, providing a new theory of the disease and a new strategy for early diagnosis, prevention and treatment. Specifically, at least five observational studies have directly explored the link between trace lithium in drinking water and dementia outcomes. The majority suggest a protective association, though findings, and the size of the effect varied by region and study design.
About 15 years ago I was first made aware of the benefits of low-dose lithium for brain health by my friend and colleague Dr Jonathan Wright. I now take a product with 1 mg of lithium orotate every second day. Lithium should not be taken as a supplement by pregnant women as there are several observational studies linking environmental (non-medical) lithium exposure during pregnancy to unfavourable outcomes.
For more information see: http://bit.ly/3HwezKn
and
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39212809/