13/01/2026
Dementia is a general term for a group of conditions that cause a progressive decline in brain function. It affects memory, thinking, communication, behaviour, and the ability to carry out everyday activities.
It is not a normal part of ageing and is caused by physical changes in the brain. Alzheimer’s disease is the most common type, but there are several others.The main other types of dementia (besides Alzheimer’s disease) are:
• Vascular dementia – caused by reduced blood flow to the brain, often after strokes or small vessel disease.
• Lewy body dementia – involves abnormal protein deposits; common features include hallucinations, fluctuating alertness, and Parkinson-like movement issues.
• Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) – affects behaviour, personality, or language first; often occurs at a younger age.
• Mixed dementia – a combination of two or more types (commonly Alzheimer’s and vascular).
These types differ in symptoms depending on which areas of the brain are affected.