22/01/2026
The kinetic chain is a biomechanical concept showing how the body's joints, muscles, and nerves work together as interconnected links, transferring force and motion sequentially, like dominoes. This system divides into upper (fingers to shoulders) and lower (toes to hips/pelvis) chains, with the core connecting them. A disruption in one link, such as a weak muscle or stiff joint, forces other parts to compensate, increasing injury risk and reducing efficiency, highlighting the importance of a holistic approach for movement and rehab.
How it works
• Interconnected Segments: Joints (like ankles, knees, hips) and the muscles acting on them form a chain where movement at one joint affects others.
• Force Transfer: When you move, energy travels sequentially from one segment to the next (e.g., from feet up the legs to the hips and spine).
• Nervous System Control: The brain and nerves coordinate this complex sequence, ensuring precise timing and activation.
Key Components
• Lower Kinetic Chain: Toes, feet, ankles, knees, hips, pelvis, spine.
• Upper Kinetic Chain: Fingers, wrists, elbows, shoulders, scapulae (shoulder blades), spine.
• Core (Lumbopelvic-Hip Complex): Acts as the central link for force transfer between upper and lower body chains.
Types of Chains
• Closed Kinetic Chain (CKC): The end of the chain is fixed or bearing weight (e.g., a squat, push-up), involving stabilization.
• Open Kinetic Chain (OKC): The end of the chain is free to move (e.g., a bicep curl, leg extension), allowing muscle isolation.
Importance
• Injury Prevention: Understanding the chain helps identify weak links (e.g., poor foot mechanics) that cause compensation and overload in other areas, preventing injuries like cartilage damage or ligament strain.
• Performance Enhancement: Optimizing the entire chain improves athletic power and efficiency in activities like running, throwing, or swimming.
• Holistic Rehab: Physical therapists use this concept to treat the root cause (e.g., working on hips for knee pain) rather than just symptoms.