Myotherapist - Suishan Angel Zhong

23/12/2025

🎈🦵Knee Rehabilitation Exercise
May benefits recovery for :
-MCL & LCL Tears ,
-ACL Tears ,
- Meniscus Tears,
-Prepatellar bursitis,
-Patellar Tendonitis,
-Patellofemoral syndrome,
-Iliotibial band syndrome
-Sprain or strain of ligament (ACL / PCL / MCL/ LCL)


💥Please advise your health practitioner before you start this exercise , if you feel any sharp pain and discomfort during the exercise program please stop and seek your General Practitioner for further medical examination

🦵How is your knee work ?
Your knee works through a complex system of bones, ligaments, and muscles that work together to allow movement and provide stability
🦿The knee joint is a hinge joint primarily made of three bones: the femur (thigh bone), the tibia (shin bone), and the patella (kneecap). It is also supported by ligaments for stability, the joint capsule which encloses the joint, and the synovial membrane which produces lubricating fluid. Other components include articular cartilage for smooth movement at the ends of bones and bursae (fluid-filled sacs) for cushioning the knee

Knee Ligament:
lateral collateral ligament (LCL), which stabilizes the outer part of the knee
anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), which is located in the center of the knee and prevents excessive forward movement of the tibia
posterior cruciate ligament (PCL), which is located in the center of the knee and prevents excessive backward shifting of the knee.

The groups of muscles support the knee. They are:
Hamstrings – muscles on the back of the thigh, which run from the hip to just below the knee and work to bend the knee. (biceps femoris, semimembranosus, and semitendinosus)

Quadriceps – four muscles on front of the thigh that run from the hip to the knee and straighten the knee from a bent position.(re**us femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, and vastus intermedius.)

Sartorius: A long muscle that runs from the hip to the inner knee, assisting with both hip flexion and knee movement.

Popliteus: A smaller muscle in the back of the knee that helps to unlock the knee joint for bending.

Physical Rehabilitation Exercise Benefits
Reduced pain and swelling: Rehabilitation helps alleviate pain and swelling by improving mobility and circulation.
Increased strength and stability: Exercises strengthen the muscles surrounding the knee, strengthen ligament of Knee joints, which helps support the joint and reduce the risk of injury.
Improved joint mobility: Rehab helps restore a full range of motion, making it easier to move comfortably and efficiently.
Enhanced balance and coordination: Specific exercises improve proprioception, which is the body's sense of its position in space, leading to better balance and reduced risk of falls.

1- Straight leg raises with Thera- band : Lie on your back with your good knee bent and your affected leg straight. Active shoulder and core hold thera -band , Tighten the thigh of the straight leg and slowly lift it 6-12 inches off the floor. Hold briefly and then slowly lower it back down.

2- Side-Lying Leg Lift with Thera-band : Apply Thera-band on both legs , Lie on your side with the bottom leg bent for stability. Lift the top leg 12-15 inches off the ground, then slowly lower it. Repeat for 10-15 repetitions per side.

3- Prone Hip Extension: Lie on your stomach with your legs straight. Slowly lift one leg toward the ceiling, keeping it straight and your toes pointing down. Hold briefly before lowering. Perform 3 sets of 10 repetitions.

4-Single-leg Stand balance: Stand on the injured leg and try to maintain your balance for as long as possible. You can progress Start with hold the wall with one hand ,once you get better slowly improving to using a balance board or by performing exercises on unstable surfaces.Start of 3 sets of Hold 10secs (progressing hold 1mins )

5-Hamstring Curls with Thera-band: you can perform with lie face down prone position or standing, bend your knee and bring your heel towards your glutes. You can do this by holding a resistance band, or with a machine at a gym. Perform 3 sets of 10 repetitions.

6- Bridges or Single leg bridge : Lie on your back with your knees bent. Lift your hips off the floor,Engage your core: Pull your abdominal muscles in to prevent your lower back from arching. squeezing your glutes, and keep your hips level. You can start with both feet of the floor, as you improve your strength make this harder by lifting one leg off the floor while your hips are raised. Perform 3 sets of 10 repetitions.

7.Hamstring stretch: Lie on your back and use a strap or towel to gently pull your knee toward your chest, or a straight leg up until you feel a stretch in the back of your thigh.Hold 30secs to 1mins on each leg

8 - Adductor Stretch : Sitting or lie on the floor with the soles of your feet together and your knees bent, gently letting your knees fall outwards to feel a stretch in your inner thighs. Hold 30secs to 1mins

9- Quadriceps stretch: While standing or lying on your stomach, gently pull your foot back toward your glutes to stretch the front of your thigh.
Hold 30secs to 1mins.

10- Calf stretch: Stand facing a wall with your hands on the wall. Step back with one leg, keeping it straight, and bend the front knee to feel a stretch in the calf of your back leg.
Hold 30secs to 1mins.

11-Standing IT band stretch: Cross one leg behind the other. Lean your body away from the leg that is in front to feel a stretch on the outer hip.

Knee Rehabilitation Exercise May benefits recovery for :-MCL & LCL Tears , -ACL Tears ,- Meniscus Tears, -Prepatellar bursitis, -Patellar Tendonitis, -Patell...

08/09/2025

low -Cost Australian in South Australia, Victoria, and Tasmania conditions

farmers in South Australia, Victoria, and Tasmania currently facing the worst drought conditions in decades , with some agricultural areas recording their lowest on record. The drought, described by some as worse than the "Millennium Drought," has caused a severe financial and mental health crisis for farmers, forcing them to spend vast sums on feed and leading to mass sell-offs of livestock.

Natural, Low-Cost
Focus on improving water management and soil health on individual properties is a more viable and sustainable approach.
1.💦 Harvesting:
Capture rainwater in farm dams and other storages to reduce reliance on other sources and retain moisture for irrigation during dry spells.
2.🌱 Practices:
Implement farming techniques that increase vegetation cover and improve soil health.
3.🏝️ Rehydration:
Promote practices that enhance the land's ability to absorb and store water, such as regenerative grazing and increasing plant cover.
4.🌴 Health Improvement:
Focus on building soil organic matter and improving its structure, which increases its capacity to hold water and nutrients, making farms more drought-resilient.
Integrated Water Management:
Adopt a holistic approach to water and nutrient management to get the most value from resources and promote sustainability.
These methods build drought resilience from the ground up by enhancing the land's natural ability to manage water, rather than trying to move water from one large, naturally arid system to another.

💓Example of farmers improve

Australian farmers successfully improve drought resilience by adopting regenerative and precision agriculture practices, as seen with Meoon Farm's water-retaining techniques and Martin Royds' Jillamatong property's focus on soil health and holistic management. Other strategies include Nigel Kerin's flexible livestock reduction, Glenn Morris's use of permaculture swales, and Better Cotton farmers' use of precision irrigation, solar power, and technology to optimize water and input use, creating more adaptable and profitable farming systems.
Regenerative Farming & Soil Health
Meoon Farm:
Utilizes natural sequence farming to retain water in the landscape through natural processes, creating healthy soils and "drought-proofing" the farm.
Jillamatong:
Third-generation grazier Martin Royds has implemented regenerative farming to build resilience by repairing degraded land and improving soil health.
Glenn Morris:
Focuses on soil health and water storage by creating permaculture swales to rehydrate the landscape and increase resilience to climate variability.
Precision Agriculture & Technology
Cotton Australia:
Promotes precision irrigation, using satellite imagery for applying inputs and land-levelling, this Yeoval sheep producer:
A Victorian prime lamb producer who manages livestock through containment feeding:
Provides principles and skills for implementing rotational grazing

31/08/2025

Delighted to participate in the Gold Coast Art Show 2025 Appreciate all the beautiful, fantastic, extraordinary art pieces in the Gallery

23/06/2025

Energy Boost Stretches Routine



If you experience any pain or discomfort, come out of any stretch move immediately
Consult with a qualified professional:
It's recommended to learn stand stretch and headstand stretch under the guidance of a qualified yoga instructor. Individuals with neck injuries, high blood pressure, glaucoma, or menstruation should avoid shoulder stand and head Stand , according to Yoga Journal.

the body's energy centers (chakras), leading to improved , , and -being. Practices like specific stretching, breathing exercises, improve flexibility, particularly in areas related to specific chakras, aiding in the body's process, and lengthening them, improving flexibility, and enhancing overall physical well-being. The practice engages muscles in the arms, legs, back, and core, leading to increased strength and stability. Additionally, it can improve spinal flexibility and posture. May improve blood flow to organs and tissues, potentially lowering blood pressure and inflammation.
and meditation may enhance energy flow, promote emotional stability, and increase self-awareness. A balanced chakra system can promote a sense of inner peace, harmony, and spiritual well-being.

1. 1st Chakra - Root Chakra
Tree Stretch
Target Musculoskeletal system
It offers numerous physical and mental benefits, including improved balance and posture, increased , and enhanced focus. It also helps to strengthen and core muscles, promote health, and reduce stress and anxiety by calming the mind and promoting mindful breathing.

How to?
How to Practice Pose:
Stand with feet together, hands by your sides, shift your weight to one foot, and place the sole of the other foot on your inner thigh, calf, or ankle (avoiding the knee). Find your balance, focus your gaze, and raise your arms overhead or keep them in a prayer position at your chest.
Hold the pose for several breaths, then repeat on the other side. Hold the pose for 20-30 seconds, or up to a minute.

2. 2nd Chakra - Sacral Chakra
Stretch
Target Musculoskeletal system
Goddess Stretch primarily strengthens and stretches the lower body, including the legs, hips, and core Abdominals (re**us abdominis, obliques, transverse abdominis), while also engaging the arms and shoulders. Specifically, it targets the quadriceps, glutes, inner thighs (adductors), ankles, and pelvic floor muscles. Additionally, the pose requires core engagement for stability, and the arms can be used to further target the Arms and Shoulders:(Deltoids ,Biceps and Triceps).
Pectoralis muscles (chest).

How to?
Start stand with your feet wide apart, slightly turned out, and bend your knees to squat, ensuring your thighs are parallel to the ground if possible. Extend your arms out to the sides, bending your elbows at 90 degrees, and hold the pose while breathing deeply.
Hold the pose for 20-30 seconds, or up to a minute.

3. 3rd Chakra - Solar Plexus -
High Stretch
Target Musculoskeletal system
High lunge is a hip-opener that stretches the groin Hip flexors ( Eg: Iliopsoas, Sartorius )hamstrings and quadriceps.
Strengthens the legs, glutes, core, and arms, while also improving balance, flexibility, and posture.
May increase energy levels and improve mental clarity and focus. May aid digestion and relieve constipation, according to sources :https://www.healthline.com/health/exercise-fitness/lunges-benefits -by-lunge-type

How to ?
Standard position start then take the right foot forward between your hands. Keep the left knee straight and extend the back leg, opening the sole.
Lengthen the tailbone down towards the floor.
Keep the feet grounded and stable, engage the core by pulling the lower abs in as you exhale.
Inhaling, take your arms outward and upwards with the psalm facing each other.
The chest remains open with the ribs drawn in towards the torso.
Stay here for a few deep breaths. Hold the pose for 20-30 seconds, or up to a minute.

4. 4th Chakra - Heart Chakra
Stretch
Camel Stretch is a deep backbend that offers numerous physical and energetic benefits. It stretches the front body, including the hips, psoas, chest, and throat, while strengthening the back muscles, core, and glutes. The pose also opens the chest and ribcage, enhancing breath capacity and promoting heart opening. Energetically, Camel pose is believed to stimulate the heart chakra, encouraging self-love and compassion.

How to?
Camel StretchTo perform it, kneel on the floor with knees hip-width apart and feet extended behind you. Place your hands at the base of your spine, drawing your elbows towards each other and opening your chest. Gently lean back, reaching for your heels with your hands, and push your hips forward to deepen the backbend.
Hold the pose for 20-30 seconds, or up to a minute.

5. 5th Chakra - Throat Chakra
Stand Stretch
Target Musculoskeletal system
The shoulder stand, also known as Sarvangasana, is an inversion yoga pose that offers a variety of health benefits. It is known for improving circulation, strengthening the neck, tones and strengthens the arms, shoulders, and upper back, stretches and strengthens the spine, improving flexibility and potentially relieving back pain. Also potentially regulating the thyroid gland ( Stimulates the thyroid and parathyroid glands, which can help regulate metabolism) . Additionally, it may help reduce stress, improve digestion, and enhance sleep quality.

How to ?
The shoulder stand where the body is inverted, supported on the shoulders and upper back, with the legs extended towards the ceiling. It's a challenging pose for beginners and requires careful attention to alignment and technique to avoid injury.
How to perform the shoulder stand:
1. Start position:
Lie on your back with your upper back supported on a folded blanket or mat, head on the floor, arms by your sides, palms down.
2. Engage and lift:
Inhale and lift your legs up, pressing your arms and palms into the floor. Use your core strength to lift your hips off the floor, sweeping your legs over your head.
3. Support the back:
Bend your elbows and place your palms on your back for support. Walk your hands up your back to lift your spine further off the floor.
4. Alignment:
Straighten your legs towards the ceiling, drawing your thighs towards each other. Aim for your body to be in a straight line from shoulders to ankles, with your hips over your shoulders.
5. Hold and breathe:
Keep your gaze upward, relax your neck and throat, and breathe deeply. Start with 30 seconds and gradually increase the duration.
6. Release:
To come out, lower your legs towards the floor to a 45-degree angle and then slowly roll your spine back down to the mat.
Important considerations:
Warm-up:
Beginners should adequately warm up with gentle stretches or basic yoga poses before attempting the shoulder stand.
Neck safety:
Avoid putting weight on your neck. Your weight should be supported by your shoulders and upper arms.
Modifications:
If you're new to the pose, consider using a blanket under your shoulders for support and to protect your neck.
Listen to your body:
If you experience any pain or discomfort, come out of the pose immediately.
Contraindications:
Individuals with neck injuries, high blood pressure, glaucoma, or menstruation should avoid this pose, according to Yoga Journal.

6. 6th Chakra - Third Eye -
Dog stretch

Target Musculoskeletal system
helps to strengthens the arms, shoulders, back, and core while lengthening the hamstrings, calves, and arches says Bauerfeind Australia. It also stretches the spine, relieving tension and improving posture. Builds bone density:Postures like
Downward dog, which place weight on the arms and shoulders, can help maintain bone density notes Aleenta Health Club.

Downward dog can be a restorative pose, allowing practitioners to reconnect with their breath and find a sense of inner peace.

How to?
Perform begin on your hands and knees, then lift your hips up and back, forming an inverted V-shape with your body. Keep your hands shoulder-width apart and your feet hip-width apart. Engage your core, and gently press your chest towards your thighs while keeping your back straight. You can slightly bend your knees and reach your heels towards the floor, but keeping them slightly raised. Hold the pose for 20-30 seconds, or up to a minute, and then return to the starting position.

7.7th Chakra - Crown Chakra
Stand

Target Musculoskeletal system
Shoulders and Arms: Deltoids, rhomboids, trapezius, and biceps.
Core: Transverse abdominals, obliques, and re**us abdominis.
Glutes and Adductors: To maintain stability.
Improved balance and coordination .
Increased strength in the core and upper body .Improved circulation .Potential for stress relief and improved mood .

How to ?
A headstand, is an inverted pose where the body is supported by the forearms and the top of the head. It requires strength, balance, and proper alignment to execute safely.
Step-by-step instructions for a headstand:
1. Preparation:
Start with kneeling.
Interlock your fingers, creating a stable base with your forearms and hands.
Place the top of your head on the mat inside your interlocked fingers, ensuring the back of your head rests against your hands.
2. Entering the pose:
Lift your hips and walk your feet towards your head, bringing your hips over your shoulders.
Keep your elbows on the mat and your core engaged.
You can start by bringing your knees towards your chest and then gradually straightening your legs.
3. Holding the pose:
Focus on distributing your weight evenly between your forearms and head.
Engage your core muscles to stabilize your spine.
Breathe deeply and smoothly.
4. Coming out of the pose:
Slowly bend your knees and bring them towards your chest.
Gently lower your hips back down to the starting position.

Important Considerations:
Warm-up:
Always warm up your body before attempting a headstand, especially your neck and shoulders.
Listen to your body:
If you feel any pain or discomfort, stop immediately and consult with a qualified yoga instructor.

Start with a wall for support:
If you are a beginner, use a wall for support to build confidence and stability.

Core engagement:
A strong core is crucial for maintaining balance and stability in the headstand.
Proper alignment:
Ensure your head and forearms form a stable tripod base.
Gradual progression:
Increase the duration of your headstand gradually as your strength and balance improve.

Consult with a professional:
It's recommended to learn headstand under the guidance of a qualified yoga instructor.

https://youtu.be/YLgWisyveP4?si=QlNI4l5zJE4VuZIz

Energy Boost Stretches Routine ...

18/06/2025

💁Patient complaint about Lower back dull pain with Scoliosis, Knee dysfunction of Knock knee , Ankle dysfunction since Play football ⚽ injuries Over 12 years ago

😓Foot ball Injuries :
- Left and Right Ankle strain can't play football anymore , clicking in walking 5/10
- Left Rupture Hamstring
- Right Acromioclavicular ligament Torn complete

Before Myotherapy
😭Q Angle Left and Right Knee >20°
(Normal: < 15° shown is Knock Knee)
😭Dull Pain :6/10

😭Multisegment Rotation Test Left & Right
😭DysFunctional & Dull Pain 6/10
Thoracic rotation & Hip Rotation:
😭Reduce - 40°

😭Multisegment Extension Test:
DysFunctional

😭Knee to Wall Test
😭Left and Right Ankle dorsiflexion 11cm
😭clicking in walking 5/10

After Myotherapy
😄Q Angle Left and Right Knee < 15°
(Normal: < 15° shown is Knock Knee)
😁Dull Pain :- Reduced 0/10

😄Multisegment Rotation Test Left & Right
😁Functional & Dull Pain Reduced -0/10
Thoracic rotation & Hip Rotation:
😁Reduce +40°

😄Multisegment Extension Test:
Functional

😁Knee to Wall Test
😄Left and Right Ankle dorsiflexion increase to +15cm
😃Clicking in walking decreased 0/10

🙋Knock knees, also known as genu valgum, is a condition where the knees angle inward, causing the knees to touch or nearly touch when the ankles are apart. This inward angulation can be assessed using the Q-angle measurement.

👉Causes of Knock Knees:
Normal Development:
Knock knees are a common phase of development in children, often resolving without intervention.
Underlying Conditions:
In some cases, knock knees can be a sign of an underlying condition, such as:
Rickets: A condition caused by vitamin D or calcium deficiency, leading to bone softening.
Skeletal Dysplasias: Genetic conditions affecting bone growth.
Trauma: Injuries to the growth plates of the femur or tibia can lead to abnormal growth and knock knees.
Metabolic Bone Diseases: Conditions like renal osteodystrophy can affect bone health and lead to knock knees.

🙋The Q angle (Quadriceps angle) is the angle formed between a line from the anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) to the midpoint of the patella (kneecap) and a line from the tibial tubercle (bony prominence on the tibia) to the midpoint of the patella.

24/12/2024

🎊Wishing everyone in the world a Christmas blessed with God's love and grace.❤️May the light of Christ guide you and your family and friends through the season and into the New Year 2025🥳. May the joy of Christ's birth fill your heart this Christmas 2024🎄

25/10/2024

😇Patient had complaints with sharp pain Level 8/10 because using heavy objects aggravated old injury on Right shoulder

🧬Ultrasound Right shoulder Shown
There is a moderate grade partial bursal surface tear of the posterior supraspinatus tendon measuring 3x 4.4mm .
There is mild tendinopathy of the subscapularis .
There is associated subacromial subdeltoid bursitis and impingement, Degenerative changes also seen in relation to the acromioclavicular joint(AC JT)

🥺Before Myotherapy
🥺ROM : Right Shoulder Abduction:
🥺Decrease - 80° with Sharp Pain: 8/10
🥺Right Shoulder Internal Rotation:
🥺Decrease - 30° with Sharp Pain: 8/10
🥺Posture Assessment
Acromioclavicular joint level
2cm lower Right
🥺SFMA Assessment:
Multisegmental Extension:
Dysfunctional and Non Painful

🌞After 5x Myotherapy Treatments
😃ROM : Right Shoulder Abduction:
😃Increase +80° Sharp Pain: Reduce- 0/10
😃Right Shoulder Internal Rotation:
😃Increase +30° Sharp Pain: Reduce 0/10
🌞Posture Assessment
Acromioclavicular joint level
Left and Right in correct posture
🌞SFMA Assessment:
Multisegmental Extension:
Functional and Non Painful

27/08/2024

Dear Principal Sarah, Coach Sandra Christie , Lisa and Jeff
Thank you all for being a role model in my Myotherapist journey,Being Amazing Coaches. Your impact has been truly memorable. I wanted to express my deepest thanks for the positive influence and unwavering support you all provided throughout my Myotherapist journey in Q Academy - RTO 31896 since the Graduation 2017

14/07/2024

New Star ⭐of Anti-aging & Longevity life
Alpha-Ketoglutarate(AKG) is an organic compound that plays many important roles in the human body:
1. Energy production: AKG is an important intermediate product of the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA cycle). The TCA cycle is a key process in cellular respiration to generate energy. The involvement of AKG helps cells produce energy efficiently.
2. Metabolic regulation: AKG participates in a variety of metabolic pathways, including amino acid metabolism, fatty acid oxidation, and nucleic acid synthesis. It plays an important role in maintaining the balance and normal function of these metabolic processes.
3. Cell signaling: Some studies have shown that AKG may participate in intracellular signaling pathways and is related to cell growth, differentiation, stress response and other processes.
4. Oxidative stress defense: AKG has certain antioxidant properties and may help reduce the damage to cells caused by oxidative stress.
5. Nervous system function: AKG may also play an important role in the nervous system, related to neurotransmission, cognitive function and neuroprotection.Among them, it plays an important role in mitochondria, NAD+, stem cells, human autophagy function, etc., thus playing a role in reversing age and extending life.

1.AKG and mitochondria
(1) The role of mitochondria Mitochondria are like "small power plants" within human cells and play a very important role in the normal operation of the human body:
1. Generate energy;
2. Regulate metabolism;
3. Cell signaling: These signaling molecules are closely related to cell growth, differentiation, apoptosis and other processes; 4. Regulate oxidative stress;
5. Maintain cell homeostasis;
6. Affects aging and disease: Abnormal mitochondrial function is closely related to many aging-related diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. The health and proper function of mitochondria is vital to the overall health of the human body.

2) The role of AKG on mitochondria
1. Can promote mitochondrial biosynthesis and function. Mitochondria are the "energy factories" within the cell. AKG helps mitochondria produce energy.
2. AKG can also regulate mitochondrial metabolism and oxidative stress response. It can help maintain normal mitochondrial function, reduce oxidative damage, and improve cellular adaptability and stress resistance.
3. AKG may be related to the autophagy process of mitochondria, helping to remove damaged or dysfunctional mitochondria and ensuring the quality and function of mitochondria.

2. AKG and NAD+
(1) The role of NAD+ NAD+ is short for nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. It plays a key role in cellular metabolism and energy production:
1. NAD+ participates in a variety of important biochemical reactions, including redox reactions, energy metabolism pathways, and cell signaling. It is an important component in the mitochondrial respiratory chain and aids in electron transport and energy production.
2. NAD+ also plays a role in cell repair and anti-aging processes. It is involved in regulating the activity of sirtuins (longevity proteins), which are related to cellular metabolic regulation, DNA repair, and stress response.
3. In addition, declining NAD+ levels are associated with some age-related diseases and metabolic disorders, so increasing NAD+ levels is considered to have potential benefits for health and longevity. Research shows that supplementing NAD+ precursors or increasing NAD+ levels through other methods is helpful in improving metabolic function, enhancing cell vitality and delaying aging.
(2) The role of AKG on NAD+ AKG can affect NAD+ metabolism and function. Plays an important role in the regeneration of NAD+ and maintaining its levels. In addition, AKG can also participate in regulating the activity of related enzymes that play a role in the synthesis or breakdown of NAD+

3.AKG and stem cells
(1) The role of stem cells Stem cells are very important to the human body and they have many important functions:
1. Stem cells can self-renew, which means they can continue to divide and produce new stem cells, thereby maintaining the number and function of the stem cell population.
2. Stem cells have the ability to differentiate in multiple directions and can differentiate into various types of cells, which allows them to play a key role in tissue repair and regeneration. When certain tissues or organs of the body are damaged or disease occurs, stem cells can differentiate into corresponding cell types and participate in repairing and restoring tissue functions.
3. Stem cells can also regulate the behavior and function of surrounding cells by secreting growth factors, cytokines and other signaling molecules, and promote tissue repair and regeneration.
(2) The role of AKG on stem cells It can affect the proliferation, differentiation and self-renewal of stem cells.

4.AKG and autophagy

(I) Autophagy

The human body's autophagy function refers to a self-degradation and recycling mechanism within the cell. It is like a "garbage disposal system" for cells, which can help cells remove damaged or useless proteins, organelles and other cellular components. Autophagy plays an important role in many physiological and pathological processes. It can help cells maintain normal metabolic balance, remove abnormal or damaged cell structures, and protect cells from stress and damage. In addition, autophagy is closely related to aging, immune system, nervous system health, tumorigenesis, etc. Normal autophagy function is very important for cell survival and health.

(II) The role of AKG in autophagy function

It can improve autophagy ability. Some studies have shown that AKG may activate human autophagy function in the following ways:

1. Energy metabolism regulation: AKG, as an intermediate product of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, participates in cellular energy metabolism. Proper energy balance may have a certain effect on the activation of autophagy.

2. Mitochondrial function: Mitochondria play an important role in the process of autophagy. AKG may indirectly affect autophagy by regulating the function of mitochondria.

3. Oxidative stress: Oxidative stress can inhibit autophagy, and AKG has certain antioxidant properties, so it may have a positive effect on the activation of autophagy.

4. Interaction with other molecules: AKG may interact with other autophagy-related molecules, such as mTOR (rapamycin target protein) or other signaling pathways, thereby regulating the autophagy process.

Source:
1.2017 Jun 13; 8(24): 38184–38192. Published online 2017 Apr 16. doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.17132Alpha-ketoglutarate (AKG) lowers body weight and affects intestinal innate immunity through influencing intestinal microbiota

2.https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/experimental-gerontology Alpha-ketoglutarate as a potent regulator for lifespan and healthspan: Evidences and perspectives

3.https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/trends-in-endocrinology-and-metabolismAlpha-Ketoglutarate dietary supplementation to improve health in humans