16/12/2025
Research reveals people with anxiety share one specific brain chemistry trait: lower choline levels.
Scientists at UC Davis Health have identified a consistent brain chemistry difference in people with anxiety disorders: lower levels of choline, an essential nutrient involved in brain metabolism and communication.
By pooling data from 25 proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H‑MRS) studies, the team compared neurometabolites in 370 individuals with anxiety disorders and 342 without.
They found that choline levels were about 8% lower in those with anxiety, particularly in the prefrontal cortex, a region central to decision-making, emotional regulation, and behavior. This is the first meta-analysis to demonstrate a clear chemical pattern in the brains of people with anxiety disorders, which include generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, social anxiety disorder, and phobias.
The researchers suspect that heightened “fight-or-flight” activity in anxiety may increase the brain’s demand for choline, leading to reduced levels. While they caution that it is not yet known whether boosting dietary choline can directly reduce anxiety, the findings point to nutrition as a potentially important factor in brain health and emotional well-being. Many people in the United States already fall short of the recommended daily choline intake. Foods rich in choline—such as egg yolks, beef liver, poultry, fish like salmon, soybeans, and milk—may help support healthy brain chemistry, though the authors emphasize that more research is needed before recommending choline supplements as a treatment for anxiety.
APA citations:
University of California – Davis Health. (2025, December 11). *Millions with anxiety share one striking brain chemistry difference*. SciTechDaily.
Maddock, R. J., & Smucny, J. (2025). Transdiagnostic reduction in cortical choline-containing compounds in anxiety disorders: A 1H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy meta-analysis. *Molecular Psychiatry*.