13/06/2025
Understanding Thoracic Outlet Syndrome (TOS)
TOS refers to a group of conditions that results from compression of the neurovascular structures that pass through the thoracic outlet.
Neurogenic TOS (95%) -> Pain, tingling, numbness, pins & needles, and/or weakness in the distribution of affected nerve roots
Vascular TOS (~5%) -> Upper extremity swelling, venous engorgement, discoloration, feelings of arm heaviness, and pain
Importance of Diagnosing TOS Accurately
TOS can be easily misdiagnosed due to the vague nature of the symptoms, however, the management/ treatment approach can be completely different. It's crucial to rule out other conditions through a thorough evaluation by a physiotherapist:
✔️History
✔️Symptoms (Nuero vs vascular)
✔️Physical Tests (Muscle & Nerve)
✔️Postural Assessment
✔️Special Tests
✔️Imaging (X-ray, CT, MRI) if needed
❗❗❗Early and accurate diagnosis of TOS, especially neurogenic TOS, is crucial for achieving optimal outcomes and minimising complications. By receiving early treatment, it shortens the course of the condition and prevents permanent/ long-term pain or loss of motor function.
