25/03/2021
□Osteosarcoma is a type of cancer that produces immature bone.
●Osteosarcoma is a type of cancer in which tumor cells produce immature bone known as osteoid. Although osteosarcoma is rare, it is the most common in childhood
●2nd most common type of primary bone cancer (after Multiple Myeloma), and it is usually found at the end of long bones, often around the knee.
●Most people diagnosed with osteosarcoma are under the age of 25 (teenagers), and
●it is thought to occur more often in males than females.
●An MRI of the entire bone where the primary tumor is located. This test can rule out "skip metastases" (spread of the tumor to other areas of the bone).
A chest x-ray and CT scan of the chest to detect lung metastases
A bone scan of the body to rule out distant spread of the disease
A biopsy of the tumor, which provides a definite diagnosis based on the characteristics of tumor tissue seen under a microscope. The biopsy will also show whether the tumor is high grade (highly malignant, which is the case for most osteosarcomas) or low grade.
●medullary and cortical bone destruction
wide zone of transition, permeative or moth-eaten appearance
aggressive periosteal reaction
•sunburst type
•Codman triangle
tumor bone production, calcified matrix, and osteoid
•ill-defined "fluffy" or "cloud-like" compared to the rings and arcs of chondroid lesions
●Most tumors at the bones and joints can be removed safely while sparing the involved limb. A surgeon might use a metal implant, an allograft (bone taken from a cadaver), a combination of an implant and allograft, or a bone taken from the patient in order to replace tissues that are removed during surgery. Occasionally, because of a tumor’s size or location, an amputation or rotationplasty is the best way to completely remove the cancer and restore the patient to a functional life.
●Osteosarcoma is almost always treated with a combination of chemotherapy and surgical removal of the tumor.
●When treated appropriately, patients with high grade osteosarcoma in one location have a survival rate of about 70%. The survival rate is higher for patients with low grade tumors, and it is lower for those whose disease has spread throughout the body and for those whose tumors have a poor response to chemotherapy
The first signs of osteosarcoma are pain and swelling in the affected bone, with symptoms often becoming more severe at night.