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Build your health right now, Dhaka (2025)

18/04/2023

NAFLD: Once a rare disorder, now the most common.

About one-third of the world's population is affected by NAFLD, or non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Studies show that overweight or obese people, diabetics, middle-aged people, married people, and rural women are more at risk of developing NAFLD than others.
What is Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD)?
Fatty liver disease is the accumulation of excess fat in the liver. Normally, everyone has a little fat in their liver. But people with fatty liver disease have more than 5% of their total liver volume as fat. In the past, fatty liver disease was almost exclusively seen in people who regularly consumed large amounts of alcohol. However, today, many people who do not consume alcohol or consume very little alcohol develop fatty liver disease. That is, not alcohol but other factors play a major role here. For this reason, it is called non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).
The initial stage of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is non-alcoholic hepatic steatosis, or simply non-alcoholic fatty liver. In some people, the disease stays at this stage, i.e., never progresses. Although they experience various metabolic problems due to excess fat in the liver, there is no permanent damage to their liver.
But, in 25–30% of patients, fatty liver progresses to a more serious condition. Then it is called non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). In NASH, liver cells swell and tear due to excess fat. As the liver tries to repair these damaged cells, scar tissue forms. This condition is called fibrosis.
About 20% of these NASH cases progress to liver cirrhosis, i.e., 20 out of 100 NASH patients develop liver cirrhosis. And liver cirrhosis is an incurable condition that leads to liver failure at some point.
Again, those in the early stages of the disease are not actually very safe. It turns out that people with non-alcoholic fatty liver have a higher risk of heart disease and type 2 diabetes than others.
The problem is that many NAFLD patients don't even realize they have it. Because, in the initial stage, there are no symptoms. When the disease becomes more complicated, the patient develops symptoms like bloating, loss of appetite, and jaundice.

What causes NAFLD?
There are several factors that can contribute to the development of NAFLD. These include:
Excess calorie intake: Eating more calories than needed can cause excess fat to accumulate in the liver, and fatty liver can occur from any food that provides more calories than the body needs.
Intake of refined carbohydrates: White rice and any food made with flour are refined carbohydrates. Eating more refined carbohydrates than the body can handle will cause the body to store them as fat. This process of making fat from carbohydrates is called de novo lipogenesis (literally, "making new fat"). The liver stores the fat produced in this process for later use. This is what the body does when both carbohydrates and calories become excessive.
One study found that when overweight adults ate 1,000 calories more in carbohydrates than their daily requirement, their liver fat increased by 27% in just three weeks.
Excessive sugar intake: Although sugar is a refined carbohydrate, it is more harmful than other refined carbohydrates. Sugar contains a lot of fructose. It has been shown that people who eat a lot of sugar or foods made with sugar have a faster accumulation of fat in the liver. Some researchers believe that excessive fructose intake is one of the main causes of fat deposits in the liver.
Side effects of certain medications: medications commonly implicated in causing fatty liver include corticosteroids, antidepressants, and antipsychotic medications, and the most common is tamoxifen. In many cases, it is not clear whether fatty liver disease is a direct result of drugs in the liver or is caused by drug-induced weight gain, as is the case with weight gain caused by many antidepressants or antipsychotic drugs.
Saturated Fat: Several studies suggest that eating too much saturated fat can also increase the risk of fatty liver. Saturated fats are generally solid at room temperature. Foods like butter, palm and coconut oil, cheese, and red meat are high in saturated fat.
But there is a question here: studies that blame saturated fat as a contributor to fatty liver have not taken into account the high carbohydrates and high calories that go along with saturated fat. Several recent studies have shown that when people eat low-carb for weight loss, it helps to heal their fatty liver, even if the results are the same for people who eat enough saturated fat at the same time. Therefore, there is room for debate as to whether saturated fat or high-calorie foods are causing fatty liver.
Sedentary lifestyle: Observational studies show that people who spend more time sitting instead of moving have a higher rate of excess fat accumulation in the liver.
However, there are many examples of people who consume a lot of refined carbohydrates and exercise very little but do not develop NAFLD. So who gets it more, actually? There are several factors that increase the likelihood of developing NAFLD. For example:
Insulin resistance: People with diseases related to insulin resistance, such as type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome, are at increased risk of NAFLD. Insulin resistance and high levels of insulin in the blood accelerate the accumulation of fat in the liver.
Wide waistline: Carrying too much weight around the middle of the body is strongly correlated with high insulin levels. Even if the BMI is "normal", a larger waist size increases the risk of NAFLD.
Genetics: Some people are more likely to develop NAFLD because they have inherited certain gene variants that increase their risk of the disease. However, more research is needed on this topic.

22/03/2023

Fasting: Renewal of body and mind

Muslims around the world fast during the month of Ramadan, which is not only abstaining from food and drink but refraining from s*x, and speech and behavior that offends others from dawn to dust.
Fasting was decreed upon Muslims 1400 years ago. Ancient Greeks also advised fasting to cure various ailments. For sure, they had their version. In today's world, a group of scientists is quite strongly talking about the multiple benefits of fasting. However, they are referring to a modified form of Muslims fasting called intermittent fasting, which is a form of fasting.

Many studies show that fasting has impressive physical and mental benefits. Although there are several types of intermittent fasting, the basic principle is that there is no food or drink during a specific time of the day (24 hours); water is optional. However, its essence is the same as Muslims fasting. And it is the most popular diet in the world today. Apart from weight loss, fasting has countless health benefits, such as lowering high blood pressure and cholesterol and, by far the most important one, increasing insulin sensitivity.

By constantly eating, we are triggering insulin production all day long. When we have too much insulin in our blood, our body cells begin to resist the insulin. In response, the body produces more insulin to dispose of the blood glucose from the blood. Thus insulin resistance progresses at a very young age. Insulin resistance hampers the body from using insulin properly. This results in the onset of almost all known chronic diseases.

If someone has high blood pressure or heart disease, it may be due to insulin resistance. If someone has Alzheimer's or dementia where the brain doesn't work properly. This is maybe because his brain has become insulin resistant. The most common cause of female infertility is polycystic o***y syndrome, which results from insulin resistance. Insulin resistance causes insulin to interfere with the normal flow of certain hormones, which act on female fertility. And there are many other such disorders (like body fat, fatty liver, stroke, diabetes, cancer, sarcopenia, migraine, osteoarthritis, etc.) that are caused by insulin resistance. Many scientists believe fasting removes insulin resistance and makes the body more sensitive to insulin.

When no food is taken, our entire digestive system, which includes essential organs like the liver, pancreas, and intestines can rest. The intestinal wall repairs itself at this interval. In addition, the work of the whole body decreases during this time, so the body instead concentrates on cleaning various wastes. These tasks are essential for survival. Another major reason for eliminating toxic substances is that these substances are mainly stored in fat. If body fat is reduced due to fasting, the poisonous implication also go out.

After a long month of fasting, many people lose muscle along with fat, which some consider harmful. At that time, the body mainly produces energy by consuming the proteins that are waste or less important for the body. On the other hand, proteins that are young, functional and essential for survival are not destroyed. During fasting, our body produces special enzymes that work to break down proteins that are unnecessary or relatively less necessary for the body and make necessary proteins. By doing this, the production of essential proteins or enzymes, which are essential for life continues.

Later, when food is eaten, the body makes more of the necessary proteins again. Note that growth hormone levels increase during fasting. So when eating after breaking the fast, the body replenishes its depleted portion with nutrients present in the food. It can be said that the body is renovated or renewed.

Also, during fasting, the body uses the available energy and nutrients intelligently, that even the slightest energy or vital nutrients are not wasted. That is, the metabolic flexibility of the body increases. It allows the body to cope with any situation. All the mechanisms to do these things exist in the body. An example is ketosis.

When we are used to eating high-carbohydrate foods, the body mainly uses glucose to produce energy through the glycolysis process. Although excess glucose is stored in the body as fat, our body cannot use this fat when needed. When insulin levels are high in the body, it not only prevents the body from burning fat for fuel but also encourages most of the incoming food to be stored as fat. Therefore, body fat only increases. Fasting lowers the body's insulin levels, so the body produces ketones from stored fat through ketosis, and these ketones are used for energy production. Ketone produces more metabolic energy and significantly fewer free radicals and less metabolic wastage than glucose does.

Apart from preventing heart disease and obesity, fasting also improves mental health. Researchers have found a connection between fasting and gut health and mental well-being. During fasting, the release of various neurotransmitters and feel-good hormones increases in the brain, which protects the brain and prevents problems like depression, anxiety and dementia.

However, to make fasting fruitful, we should choose the menu of Iftar and Seheri wisely, such as avoiding sweet foods, refined carbohydrates (flour or rice flour), factory food or processed foods (juice, pizza, etc.). Instead, eat typical local food. Eat home-cooked meals and healthy fats or oils. Avoid all refined oils as much as possible.
Photo credit: theconversation

19/03/2023

Leg pain and uterine fibroids

Do your knees hurt going up or down stairs? Or do you have pain in the lower back? Or in the lower leg? These symptoms are mainly symptoms of sciatica. Such symptoms occur when the sciatic nerve is damaged in some way. You got treatment for sciatica and got better for a while. Then the same problem started again.

In fact, it is not possible to get rid of it if the exact reason why the sciatic nerve is not working properly is identified. The sciatic nerve can be damaged for various reasons. However, uterine fibroids are rarely considered as a cause of sciatica. Uterine fibroids (also known as leiomyomas) are a type of tumor of the smooth muscle of the uterus that rarely turns into cancer (0.1%). And since most uterine fibroids do not cause complications and show no symptoms, healthcare providers are not overly concerned about them.

It is estimated that 80 percent of women develop uterine fibroids during their childbearing years (approximately 14-50 years). However, most fibroids do not cause any symptoms and do not require any treatment. These are usually small fibroids. Many people don't even know they have fibroids.

If you have knee pain, it is good for you to know what uterine fibroids are and what kind of symptoms they can cause. This will help you talk to your healthcare provider regarding the diagnosis of leg pain.

In order to understand fibroids, it is important to first understand the structure of the uterus. Our uterine cavity (the space in the mother's abdomen where an embryo develops into a full-fledged human baby) is surrounded by a multilayered uterine wall. Perimetrium is the outer layer, endometrium is the inner layer that is shed during the menstrual cycle. The myometrium is the middle layer made up of smooth muscle tissue, where fibroids often form.

These fibroids can vary in size, numbers and location. Some fibroids can be so small, even undetectable to the human eye. Large fibroids can also grow so large that they can even distort the shape of the uterus or stretch it. In some cases the fibroid can be so large that it puts pressure on the diaphragm.

The type of symptoms or complications it may cause depend on the location and size of the fibroid. There are three main symptoms a woman with fibroids may experience. One is heavy menstrual bleeding. Infact, the most common cause of heavy periods in women is fibroids.

The second is pain or pressure in the pelvis. The pelvis is the part of the body below the abdomen located between the hip bones and where the bladder and re**um are located. In women, it also contains the va**na, cervix, uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries. Fibroids are often hard and firm like rocks, and so large fibroids weigh a lot. They press on the pelvic nerves causing pain in the pelvis and lower back and buttocks. Like sciatica, it can spread down the leg and cause pain in the knee or lower leg. It is often mistaken for a spinal disc problem.

Another symptom is frequent urination. Fibroids can put pressure on the bladder like a paperweight. This causes the bladder compressed and so it can't fill urine to capacity. They urinate frequently and wake up frequently at night. Other symptoms include constipation, painful in*******se and sometimes part of the colon are shown in the re**um.
If you have some of the above symptoms, make sure if you have uterine fibroids. Make time for yourself. Make time for your health. And above all listen to your body. Your body is telling you many things in its own language. It is your responsibility to understand that language and do the right thing to help it.
Photo credit: Mayo clinic

12/03/2023

What happens if hypothyroidism is not treated?
Hypothyroidism is the condition when the thyroid gland cannot produce enough thyroid hormones. Symptoms like fatigue, weight gain, constipation, dry skin, dry or thin hair are common for hypothyroidism.
Treatment of hypothyroidism is fairly straightforward. This is basically replacing the thyroid hormone. However, adjusting the dosage may take some time in some cases. Patients usually get relief from various symptoms of hypothyroidism after treatment.
However, many patients with hypothyroidism are not receiving treatment. This may be because they don't feel good about the side effects of the treatment or sometimes they don't even know that they have this disease. In this case, the condition of hypothyroidism may gradually become more severe.
Since thyroid hormones are involved in several important physiological functions, hypothyroidism can cause extensive damage when left untreated. The following seven consequences can affect one's overall health and well-being.
Goitre
When the thyroid gland is working extra hard to produce thyroid hormones, it becomes enlarged and visible from the outside. This is called goitre.
The thing is, when the level of thyroid hormone in the blood is low, our brain tells our thyroid to make more hormones. How does she say it? In this case, the hypothalamus located in the midbrain tells the pituitary to produce a hormone called thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH).
This TSH signals the thyroid gland to make more hormones. The thyroid then tries its best to increase the production of thyroid hormone and the thyroid gland enlarges. Because more production requires more hormone producing cells.
Goitre is an early warning sign of hypothyroidism. Goitre can occur even before the level of thyroid hormone in the blood drops below normal.
Therefore, TSH levels in the blood should be checked as soon as the goitre is visible. Goitre is usually not dangerous. However, sometimes large goitre can interfere with swallowing or breathing.
Cardiovascular Disease
Hypothyroidism causes water retention in the body. Which can eventually lead to high blood pressure and congestive heart failure (when the heart can't pump enough blood).
This water retention is the main reason why people with hypothyroidism often gain weight. In this case, the ankles swell and the face looks puffy, which is not seen in weight gain due to fat accumulation alone.
Another cause of increased heart risk in hypothyroidism is increased lipid (cholesterol and triglyceride) levels. These lipids accumulate in the inner walls of the arteries, contributing to atherosclerosis. So it is better to check for thyroid problems in people with high lipids.Treating thyroid disease often corrects the lipid profile itself.
Kidney disease
Several recent studies suggest hypothyroidism has an effect on kidney function. An example is a 2018 study published in the journal Scientific Reports on Taiwanese adults.
Here, the estimated glomerular filtration rate (EGFR) as well as protein levels in participants' urine showed that people with hypothyroidism had an almost 8-fold (7.61-fold) higher risk of chronic kidney disease than normal people.
Even participants with subclinical hypothyroidism (i.e. those with elevated TSH but normal thyroid hormone levels) were 2 times more likely to develop kidney disease.
Peripheral neuropathy
Uncontrolled hypothyroidism can damage the peripheral nerves, which carry information from the brain and spinal cord to the rest of the body. One reason for this could be water retention, which puts extra pressure on the nerves.
Symptoms of peripheral neuropathy often include pain, numbness, or tingling in the arms or legs. Muscle weakness may also occur.
Mental disorder and depression
Mental retardation is common in hypothyroidism. That is, having trouble remembering, learning new things, concentrating, or making decisions.
Hypothyroidism can also cause depression. A 2015 study published in the Journal of Endocrine Research may be mentioned.
In this case, a test was conducted on whether people with subclinical hypothyroidism had depression. A group of people with subclinical hypothyroidism was given thyroid hormone and the other group a placebo (which looks like hormones but contains no hormones) tablets. After 12 weeks, depression scores improved significantly in the thyroid hormone group, but not in the placebo group. That is, thyroid hormones helped with depression.
Fertility problems
Many women with hypothyroidism have irregular and unpredictable periods. It can have a negative effect on fertility.
In a study published in the journal Endocrine, 69 infertile women with subclinical hypothyroidism were given thyroid hormones. After that, 84.1 percent successfully conceived in less than a year.
Myxedema (coma)
When hypothyroidism becomes extreme, myxedema can lead to coma. Although this happens in rare cases, it can be fatal.
Photo credit: healthline

07/03/2023

What causes hypothyroidism?
Hypothyroidism is caused primarily by low thyroid hormone (T3 and T4) secretion. Low hormone production can occur for many reasons. The most common is Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Hashimoto's is mainly hereditary. In this disease, the body's immune system attacks and damages the thyroid. As a result, the thyroid cannot produce and secrete enough thyroid hormone.

Other causes of low hormone secretion include thyroiditis (inflammation of the thyroid gland), iodine deficiency (iodine is a component of thyroid hormones), side effects of hyperthyroidism treatments, such as radiation to the thyroid or removal of the thyroid gland. In some cases, thyroiditis can occur after pregnancy (postpartum thyroiditis) or a viral illness.

Another cause of hypothyroidism is when the pituitary gland does not make enough thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH). The TSH hormone signals the thyroid gland to produce enough thyroid hormone. So when TSH goes down, thyroid hormone goes down.

Photo credit: Maz Lab

05/03/2023

T3, T4, and TSH: Thyroid Function Tests
Having a basic understanding of how the thyroid gland works and the hormones it produces makes it easier to ask the right questions when you visit your healthcare provider. It can also give you an explanation for those mysterious symptoms that you may have been experiencing for a long time but can't pinpoint where they are coming from.
Thyroid is an endocrine gland. Thyroid produces 3 types of hormones. The two main hormones are triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4).
The thyroid gland receives its direction from both the hypothalamus (located in the midbrain) and the pituitary gland (a pea-sized gland located at the base of the skull). The hypothalamus starts the process by secreting a hormone called thyrotropin-releasing hormone. This hormone directs the pituitary gland to produce a hormone called thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH). TSH then stimulates the thyroid gland to release T4 and T3 hormones.
So, if blood levels of T3 and T4 are too low, the pituitary gland will secrete more TSH. If their levels are too high, the gland will secrete less TSH.
T4 is a prohormone. It must be converted to T3 to function at full strength. T4 has a longer half-life than T3, meaning it stays in the body longer before being broken down. The thyroid gland produces relatively high amounts of T4 and low amounts of T3. Cells throughout the body, including the liver, kidneys, and other tissues, have receptors for T4. After the T4 hormone is released from the thyroid gland, it enters cells throughout the body. In these cells it is converted into T3 hormone and helps in metabolism. However, T4 has some effects in the body before it is converted to T3.
T4 and T3 are involved in a wide range of physiological processes, including:
Regulating the rate at which the body uses energy (metabolism)
Controlling body temperature
Regulating heart rate and blood pressure
Stimulating the production of red blood cells
Supporting the growth and development of bones, muscles, and other tissues
Maintaining healthy skin and hair
Regulating digestive function
Supporting reproductive health
When the thyroid gland is overactive, it secretes too much thyroid hormone, T4 and T3. This condition is called hyperthyroidism. Hyperthyroidism can be caused by several reasons. When the thyroid gland cannot function at full capacity, too little thyroid hormone is produced. This condition is called hypothyroidism. Hypothyroidism can be caused by several reasons.
When you have too much T3 or T4, you may experience a condition called hyperthyroidism. Some of the common symptoms associated with hyperthyroidism include:
Increased heart rate
Weight loss
Nervousness or anxiety
Tremors or shaking hands
Difficulty sleeping or insomnia
Increased sweating or sensitivity to heat
Changes in menstrual patterns
Muscle weakness or fatigue
Diarrhea or increased frequency of bowel movements
Eye problems such as bulging, irritation or vision changes.
If left untreated, hyperthyroidism can lead to serious health problems such as osteoporosis, heart problems, and thyroid storm, a life-threatening condition.
If you have too little T3 or T4, you may experience a condition called hypothyroidism. Some of the common symptoms associated with hypothyroidism include:
Fatigue or weakness
Weight gain
Sensitivity to cold
Constipation
Dry skin or hair
Hair loss
Hoarseness or voice changes
Muscle aches or stiffness
Depression or mood changes
Memory problems or difficulty concentrating
Hypothyroidism can also cause other health problems, including an increased risk of heart disease and high cholesterol levels.
It’s important to know that if you have thyroid disease, you may not have all of these symptoms. You may not even have any symptoms. Because symptoms vary from person to person.
If there is too much TSH in the blood, it may mean that your thyroid gland is not producing enough T3 or T4. TSH is supposed to stimulate the thyroid gland - but if the thyroid gland doesn't respond to it, there will be too much TSH in the blood.
And, if the TSH level is too low, it may mean that the thyroid gland is producing too much thyroid hormone. Due to the presence of these excess thyroid hormones, the pituitary gland is producing too little TSH.
Photo credit: Cleaveland clinic

03/03/2023

Know The Dose of Paracetamol for Children

The main uses of paracetamol or acetaminophen are to relieve pain and reduce fever. It is one of the common over-the- counter medicines.

Sometimes parents assume that if a child has a fever, medicine must be given, which is not true. A rise in body temperature is not always a bad thing. Because it is a part of the body's immunity. For example, if an influenza or corona virus enters your body, the body will do many things to destroy it. One of the body's strategies is to raise body temperature.

Not all fevers require medication. Fever should be treated only on the advice of a pediatrician or if your child complains of discomfort. If they don't complain, keeping them happy and occupied with toys or things they like is the best approach. It is also important to measure their temperature frequently to ensure that it does not rise too high.

However, it is important to realize that although taking paracetamol may make people feel better, it does not cure the cause of the fever.

Now, if paracetamol is used, it is important to keep its dose or level right. If the dose is not correct, the medicine does not work well or an overdose can cause dangerous conditions.

The correct dose of paracetamol for a child depends on their weight, not age.

Dose calculation
It is recommended that 10-15 mg of paracetamol per kg of child's weight is given. In other words, if a child weighs 20 kg, he should be given 10-15mg x 20 or 200-300 mg of paracetamol. This dose can be taken once every 4 to 6 hours. Paracetamol can be taken up to 4-6 times in 24 hours.
Usually the package of children's paracetamol medicine has clear instructions on the correct dosage of the medicine. It is always recommended to use the lowest dose. You should not exceed the recommended dosage without consulting a doctor.

No child should take more than 60mg per kg of their body weight in a day. The dose written on the packet or bottle should be noted according to the child's weight.
Be aware of paracetamol syrup. Remember that 'mg' is a measure of weight and 'mL' is a measure of liquid volume. It is important to follow the instructions on the packet as not all brands have the same strength. Paracetamol is also available in different strengths for different ages. Check the dosage instructions on the bottle to see how many mg or milligrams of paracetamol are in each mL or milliliter of medicine.
Before giving paracetamol to a child, it must be ensured that the medicine previously given does not contain paracetamol. It will ensure no possibility of overdose. Remember that paracetamol can take up to 60 minutes to take effect.

Now, what if you don't know the baby's weight? Sometimes the dosage is given on the packaging based on age - for example, 5-6 years (18-20 kg). Note that if your child is smaller or lighter than average for his age, the dose should be based on the lower age.

Although paracetamol is a very safe drug in the right dose, it can be dangerous if too much is taken. Paracetamol overdose can cause liver damage, liver failure and kidney damage and can even be fatal.

If you suspect that your child has accidentally taken too much paracetamol, you should seek medical help immediately.

Photo credit: mymed.com

23/02/2023

Potato and Under Eye Dark Circle.

Many of us have dark spots or dark circles under our eyes. Dark circles are seen in almost all ethnicities and at all ages. Genetics, aging and lifestyle factors play a role in causing dark circles. In some cases, dark circles are also caused by allergies, nutritional deficiencies, or any underlying health condition.
There are many expensive creams, injectable fillers as well as hundreds of home remedies to lighten dark circles under the eyes and make the under eye area even toned. But there is one solution that works without fail for almost everyone and you have got that in your kitchen. It is potato!
Various websites claim that potatoes are natural "bleaching" agents because they contain the enzyme catecholase. But in reality, catecholase stimulates melanin production after reacting with oxygen. And melanin darkens the skin color to protect the skin from the harmful rays of the sun. That is, catecholase enzyme helps to darken the skin color instead of lightening it.
Now, you must be wondering, how does potato reduce dark circles?
First, potatoes contain vitamin C, which has skin-brightening powers. In addition, potatoes contain vitamin K, a vitamin that is abundant in cucumber skin and which helps in blood clotting. It helps in reducing venous, purple bruising in the under eye area. Potatoes contain azelaic acid that can help fight free radicals. It also reduces pigmentation by inhibiting an enzyme called tyrosinase.
But the most important biochemical in potatoes is niacin (vitamin B3), deficiency of which causes dark spots. It is an effective skin-lightening agent that is also used for stubborn pigmentation like acne scars. For those with sun-induced dark circles, it plays a huge role in reducing pigmentation.
Lets see,how to make potato juice and apply potato on your dark circles
1.Raw Potato Juice:
Procedure:
Peel a large potato and cut it into thin slices.
Squeeze the juice from the grated potatoes.
Store the juice in the fridge for an hour.
Dip a cotton ball into potato juice and apply it on the dark spots under the eyes.
Leave the cotton ball under your eyes for 15-20 minutes.
Remove the cotton balls and rinse with cold water.
Wipe your face with a clean towel. Do this process daily until you get results.
2. Potato Slices:
Procedure:
Refrigerate a potato for an hour or so until it is chilled.
Cut two thin slices from the cold potato. Cover your eyes with these pieces. Don't forget to cover dark circles.
Leave it for 20 minutes.
Rinse with cold water.
Do this twice a day for better results.
Photo credit: doctor NDTV

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