08/12/2024
🏵️Scoliosis🏵️ is a medical condition characterized by an abnormal lateral curvature of the spine, either to the right (dextroscoliosis) or left (levoscoliosis).
💫_Types of Scoliosis:_
1. *Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis (AIS):* Most common form, affecting teenagers, with no known cause.
2. *Congenital Scoliosis:* Present at birth, caused by genetic or environmental factors during fetal development.
3. *Degenerative Scoliosis:* Affects adults, resulting from spinal wear and tear, injuries, or conditions like spondylolisthesis or spinal stenosis.
4. *Neuromuscular Scoliosis:* Associated with neurological or muscular conditions, such as cerebral palsy, spina bifida, or muscular dystrophy.
💫_Causes and Risk Factors:_
1. *Genetics:* Family history and genetic predisposition.
2. *Gender:* Females more likely to develop scoliosis.
3. *Age:* AIS typically develops during puberty.
4. *Other conditions:* Muscular or neurological disorders.
💫_Symptoms:_
1. *Visible curvature:* Asymmetrical posture, prominent ribs or shoulder blades.
2. *Back pain:* Mild to severe, localized or radiating.
3. *Breathing difficulties:* In severe cases, compression of lungs or heart.
4. *Fatigue:* Due to muscle imbalance and poor posture.
💫_Diagnosis:_
1. *Physical examination:* Observation of posture, movement, and muscle strength.
2. *Imaging tests:* X-rays, CT scans, or MRI to confirm curvature and rule out other conditions.
_💫Treatment Options:_
1. *Observation:* Regular monitoring for mild curvatures.
2. *Bracing:* Wearing a brace to support and correct the spine.
3. *Surgery:* Spinal fusion, instrumentation, or osteotomy for severe or progressive cases.
4. *Physical therapy:* Exercises for strength, flexibility, and posture correction.
_💫Physiotherapy Management:_
1. *Posture correction:* Education and exercises to improve posture.
2. *Strengthening exercises:* Targeting core, back, and gluteal muscles.
3. *Stretching and flexibility:* Hamstrings, hip flexors, and lower
