10/01/2025
# # # Gastrointestinal Tract (GIT) :
**Epigastric pain radiating to the back, worsened after meals**
- Think of **pancreatitis**.
**Progressive dysphagia for solids, later liquids**
- Suggests **esophageal carcinoma**.
**Severe right upper quadrant pain, fever, and jaundice**
- Suspect **acute cholangitis** (Charcot's triad).
**Post-prandial abdominal pain and weight loss in an elderly patient**
- Suggests **chronic mesenteric ischemia**.
**Bloody diarrhea with tenesmus and urgency**
- Think of **ulcerative colitis**.
**Sudden severe abdominal pain with guarding and rebound tenderness**
- Suspect **perforated peptic ulcer**.
**Severe left lower quadrant pain with fever in an elderly patient**
- Suggests **diverticulitis**.
**Painless jaundice and weight loss**
- Consider **pancreatic carcinoma**.
**Intermittent jaundice, RUQ pain, and palpable gallbladder**
- Suggests **gallbladder carcinoma** (Courvoisier's sign).
**Recurrent abdominal pain relieved by defecation, associated with diarrhea or constipation**
- Think of **irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)**.
**Severe abdominal pain out of proportion to physical findings**
- Suggests **acute mesenteric ischemia**.
**Vomiting blood (hematemesis) with a history of liver disease**
- Suspect **esophageal varices**.
**Painless bright red blood per re**um in a young patient**
- Consider **internal hemorrhoids**.
**Abdominal distension, nausea, and vomiting with no passage of stool or gas**
- Think of **intestinal obstruction**.
**Fatty diarrhea (steatorrhea), weight loss, and anemia**
- Suggests **celiac disease**.
**Dysphagia for liquids more than solids with regurgitation of undigested food**
- Suggests **achalasia**.
**Chronic heartburn and regurgitation, especially when lying down**
- Think of **gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)**.
**Sudden onset of jaundice, RUQ pain, and hepatomegaly in a patient with hypercoagulable state**
- Suspect **Budd-Chiari syndrome**.
**Abdominal pain and bloody diarrhea after antibiotic use**
- Consider **Clostridioides difficile colitis**.
**Intermittent abdominal pain, melena, and anemia in a young patient**
- Suggests **Meckel's diverticulum**.
**Projectile vomiting in a 3-week-old infant with a palpable "olive-shaped" mass**
- Suspect **pyloric stenosis**
