Folia Medica

Folia Medica FOLIA MEDlCA (Plovdiv) is the peer-reviewed official journal of the Medical University of Plovdiv. It is published bimonthly in English.

Folia Medica is a peer-reviewed interdisciplinary medical journal, published bimonthly by Medical University of Plovdiv. It is available in an electronic version. It is issued exclusively in English publishing review articles, original research papers, case reports, and letters to the editor by Bulgarian and foreign authors. Received ma**scripts are accepted for publication only after they have be

en rigorously reviewed by independent experts in the respective fields, the reviewers remaining anonymous to the authors. The journal is published under the strict supervision of an Editorial Board which consists of: Editor-In-Chief, Deputy Editor-In-Chief, Science Editors and Members - 33 Bulgarian and 13 foreign members (USA, Russia, France, Germany, Spain, Belgium, Greece) who are all Doctors of Medical Sciences. Scope - the journal accepts materials in the following fields: medicine, dental medicine, pharmacology, public health and health care. Priority topics include: integrative biology, experimental medicine, clinical and therapeutic aspects of socially significant diseases (cardiovascular diseases, cerebrovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus, neoplastic disorders, etc.), dentistry, public health, ecology and health. All published articles are in full compliance with the current Uniform Requirements for Ma**scripts Submitted to Biomedical Journals.

31/03/2025

Anatomical variation of the peripheral nerves are important because they may have therapeutic implications. The variation of the brachioradialis muscle (BRM) and the superficial branch of the radial nerve (SBRN) was noted during a regular teaching dissection of the upper extremity of a cadaver. Ther...

31/03/2025

Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare endocrine cancer that originates in the adrenal cortex, known for its capacity to produce hormones such as cortisol, aldosterone, estrogens, or androgens. These hormonal imbalances lead to a diverse array of clinical manifestations. This case report describes...

31/03/2025

Massive bleeding during obstetric surgeries, such as hysterectomy, is a significant cause of maternal mortality and morbidity worldwide. In such cases, fluid resuscitation is imperative. However, intraoperative guidelines and fluid requirements cannot be universally standardized to accommodate every...

31/03/2025

Coccydynia or coccyx pain is a rare form of low back pain located below the sacrum and above the a**s. The causes of this condition vary, including previous trauma, underlying conditions (such as infection or neoplasm), and idiopathic causes. Our purpose was to describe the successful treatment of c...

31/03/2025

Introduction: The University Hospital for Active Treatment and Emergency Medicine (UHATEM) “N. I. Pirogov” LTD is a pivotal institution in Bulgaria’s emergency medical services (EMS). However, funding challenges adversely affect its operational efficiency and quality of care. Aim: This study a...

31/03/2025

Introduction: The faculty of speech in humans is a distinguishing trait that sets them apart from all other biological species. Speech production is typically achieved through the processes of phonation and articulation. The acoustic method of studying speech is an individual auditory approach based...

31/03/2025

Introduction: Endometrial carcinoma (EC) is the most common gynecological cancer among women, and in more than 90% of cases, the initial manifestation of the disease is postmenopausal bleeding. Unfortunately, despite early diagnosis and treatment, EC often recurs. Among the many serum tumor markers....

31/03/2025

Aim: The aim of this study was to examine the anatomical variations of the inferior laryngeal nerve compared with its extralaryngeal branches, the inferior thyroid artery, Berry’s ligament, the tracheal groove, and the tubercle of Zuckerkandl, as encountered during thyroid gland operations. This i...

31/03/2025

Aim: Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) subtypes are known to differ from each other in terms of the features associated with each subtype. The aim of this study was to determine whether the incidence of PTC subtypes differs in the presence or absence of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis. Materials and metho...

31/03/2025

The COVID-19 pandemic has brought unprecedented challenges to healthcare systems worldwide, impacting various aspects of patient care. Polypharmacy, the concurrent use of multiple medications by a single patient, is a significant concern exacerbated by the pandemic. The dual threat of COVID-19 infec...

31/03/2025

Lactate is a key molecule in exercise metabolism. In the last two decades, there has been a revolution in the understanding of its role – from a byproduct of hypoxic muscles to a major energy resource and a signaling molecule – ‘lactormone’. The aim of this review is to compile all the up-to...

31/03/2025

Cerebral salt wasting syndrome is described as a hyponatremic condition in the context of a central nervous system injury. It is caused by a renal loss of sodium, and the primary distinguishing factor among similar conditions, such as the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion, is....

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