07/03/2019
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HIGHLIGHTS DIABETES AND CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE
Vol 3
ENDOVASC is an monthly Highlights, providing a platform for advances in translational and clinical research. Our aims to re-publish original research, review articles and short communications from High Impact Medicals Journals about information in Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease.
CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE
Endovascular vs Open Repair of Intact Descending Thoracic Aortic Aneurysms
This retrospective study used Medicare data to compare outcomes of patients who underwent open surgical repair or thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) to manage intact descending thoracic aortic aneurysms. Propensity score matching was used to create a group of 2470 TEVAR patients and a group of 1235 open surgical repair patients for analysis. The median follow-up was 4.7 and 5.6 years for TEVAR and open surgical repair, respectively. TEVAR was associated with a lower odds of perioperative mortality compared with open surgical repair using logistic regression. However, open surgical repair was associated with lower risk of reintervention at 9 years compared with TEVAR. Because of its association with better perioperative mortality risk and survival outcomes up to 9 years post surgery, the authors suggest considering TEVAR as the first-line intervention for intact descending thoracic aortic aneurysms even though results may not be as durable as those associated with open surgical repair. DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2018.10.086
Risk of Cardiac and Sudden Death Higher Without Revascularisation of a Coronary Chronic Total Occlusion
Patients who underwent a coronary chronic total occlusion (CTO) percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) attempt were followed for a median of 6 years to compare outcomes in those with successful revascularization (CTO-R group) with outcomes in those not revascularized (CTO-NR group). The risk of cardiac death and sudden cardiac death (SCD) and/or sustained ventricular arrhythmias (SVAs) was significantly higher in the CTO-NR group compared with the CTO-R group. This was driven mainly by an increased risk of cardiac death and SCD/SVA in the subgroup of infarct-related artery (IRA) CTO patients. Patients with CTO without successful revascularization at PCI have a significantly increased risk of cardiac death and SCD/SVA compared with those with CTO revascularized. IRA CTO patients without revascularization are at the highest risk of adverse outcomes.
Metformin Use and Cardiovascular Events in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes and Chronic Kidney Disease
Patients with diabetes and chronic kidney disease (CKD) were followed to compare outcomes in metformin users and non-users. Metformin users had lower overall mortality rates, cardiovascular mortality rates, and rates of cardiovascular events compared with non-users. The rate of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) was 4.0% among metformin users versus 3.6% in non-users, but there was no significant association between metformin use and the risk of ESRD. Metformin use showed independent associations with a reduced risk of all-cause mortality, cardiovascular death, cardiovascular events, and the kidney disease composite of ESRD and death. In patients with stage 3 kidney disease, metformin use may be safe and may reduce the risk of mortality and cardiovascular events. https://doi.org/10.1111/dom.13642
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NASSAU BAHAMAS