TL medico info.

21/09/2025

TYPES OF OXYGEN EQUIPMENT

Cannula:
• Flow: 1–6 L/min
• FiO2: 24–44%
• Supported by multiple sources, which note that FiO2 increases by approximately 4% for each additional liter per minute of oxygen flow.
Face Mask:
• Flow: 5–8 L/min
• FiO2: 40–60%
• Recommended for moderate oxygen requirements, with flow rates typically starting at 5 L/min to avoid CO2 buildup.
Rebreather Mask:
• Flow: 6–10 L/min
• FiO2: 60–80%
• Delivers higher oxygen concentrations due to the reservoir bag, with some rebreathing of exhaled gases.
-Rebreather Mask:
• Flow: 10–15 L/min
• FiO2: 60–95%
• Provides the highest oxygen concentrations short of intubation, with one-way valves to prevent room air entrainment.
Mask:
• Flow: 4–10 L/min (can vary based on manufacturer and FiO2 setting)
• FiO2: 24–55% (some sources extend up to 60%)
• Allows precise control of delivered oxygen concentration, commonly used in COPD patients.
Tent:
• Flow: 10 L/min
• FiO2: Varies, often used when masks are not tolerated; typically delivers moderate oxygen concentrations.

Details
• FiO2 values are always approximate and can be affected by the patient’s breathing pattern, tidal volume, and inspiratory flow rate. Charts and tables assume average inspiratory flows for adults.
• Venturi masks are unique in their ability to deliver a fixed and predictable FiO2, making them suitable for patients who require controlled oxygen therapy.
• Non-rebreather masks are used in emergencies for rapid oxygen delivery, while partial rebreather masks are used when high concentrations are needed but not as high as with non-rebreathers.

22/07/2025

03/06/2025

While brushing your teeth twice a day once in the morning and once before bed is strongly recommended for good oral health, brushing immediately after eating can actually do more harm than good. Many people make the mistake of reaching for their toothbrush right after a meal, but dentists advise against this, especially if the meal included acidic foods like citrus fruits, tomatoes, or vinegar-based dishes. After eating acidic foods, the outer layer of your teeth, known as enamel, temporarily softens. Brushing during this period can cause the acid to pe*****te deeper into the enamel, leading to erosion over time.

In fact, brushing too soon after a meal within 30 minutes can increase enamel sensitivity and wear it down faster. It’s better to wait at least half an hour after eating so your saliva has time to neutralize the acids and begin the natural remineralization process. This gives your enamel a chance to recover and protects it from damage caused by overly aggressive or poorly timed brushing.

Source: Doctor ASKY

03/06/2025

Meditation 🧘‍♂️ vs aging
Chronic psychological stress may speed up cellular aging by affecting telomeres, which are protective caps at the ends of chromosomes. Telomeres shorten with each cell division, and faster shortening is linked to aging and diseases.

Meditation and mindfulness practices which reduce cognitive and emotional stress might help protect telomere length, thereby slowing biological aging.

Key Points:
• Telomeres and Aging:
• Telomeres naturally shorten with age.
• Chronic stress accelerates telomere shortening, increasing the risk of disease and early aging.

• Stress and Telomerase:
• Telomerase is the enzyme that helps rebuild and maintain telomeres.
• High stress may reduce telomerase activity, while relaxation and positive states may enhance it.

• Mindfulness and Meditation:
• Meditation helps reduce stress, improve mood, and promote emotional regulation.
• Mindfulness may protect telomeres by:
• Lowering rumination (repetitive negative thinking)
• Enhancing awareness and acceptance
• Promoting positive emotions

• Psychological Factors Affecting Cellular Aging:
• Negative mental states (e.g., fear, rumination) can shorten telomeres.
• Positive psychological states (e.g., compassion, optimism, purpose) may help maintain telomere length.

Important Note:

The meditation definitely lengthens telomeres, it presents strong evidence that reducing stress through mindfulness may slow cellular aging and improve long-term health.

Protecting telomeres the protective end caps of chromosomes is important for slowing aging and reducing the risk of age-related diseases. Here are key factors that help protect and maintain telomere length:
1. Healthy Lifestyle Choices
• Regular physical activity: Moderate exercise helps maintain telomere length.
• Balanced diet: Diets rich in antioxidants, fiber, and omega-3 fatty acids (e.g., Mediterranean diet) may protect telomeres.
• Adequate sleep: Poor sleep is linked to shorter telomeres.
• Avoiding smoking: Smoking

27/05/2025

Lesson!!!

The most important health decision you make each day is what you choose to eat.

Taking medicine for a disease is like mopping water from an overflowing sink without turning off the tap. That’s why most medications must be taken for life they don’t fix the root causes.

If a floor is flooded due to a dripping tap, simply mopping won't help. You need to stop the drip. The water from the tap represents the causes of disease; the flooded floor represents the illness that fills our hospital beds.

Yet we continue mopping the floor instead of turning off the tap.

It’s better to address the root cause turn off the drip by changing your lifestyle, rather than relying on lifelong medications.

The choice is yours: turn off the drip, or keep mopping the floor.

Source:

The latest in nutrition related research delivered in easy to understand video segments brought to you by Michael Greger M.D. FACLM

12/05/2025

Infant CPR and Heimlich Positions

03/03/2025

The Role of Stress and Nutrients

• Stress diverts nutrients to support the fight-or-flight response, leaving less for brain function.
• B vitamins help manage stress by supporting neurotransmitter production and metabolism.

Source:Nutrition and Mental Health

28/02/2025

Many physicians often tells not to eat grapefruit or drink grapefruit juice while taking a certain medication because

Grapefruit or Grape Juice and medication interactions:❌️🚫

Enzyme Inhibition:
Grapefruit contains furanocoumarins, which block the CYP3A4 enzyme in the intestines, preventing the medication from being properly metabolized and absorbed, resulting in increased drug levels in the body.

Potential Side Effects:
Depending on the medication, consuming grapefruit while taking it can lead to side effects like dizziness, headaches, nausea, irregular heartbeat, muscle pain, and in severe cases, organ damage.

Examples of medications that can interact significantly with grapefruit:
Statins: Medications used to lower cholesterol, like simvastatin (Zocor) and lovastatin (Mevacor)
Calcium channel blockers: Drugs used to treat high blood pressure, like amlodipine (Norvasc) and nifedipine (Procardia)
Immunosuppressants: Medications used to prevent organ rejection after transplant, like cyclosporine and tacrolimus
Anti-anxiety medications: Certain benzodiazepines like triazolam (Halcion)

28/02/2025

Supplementation as treatment for mental health problems: The evidence

There are many factors that influence nutrient availability for brain. Some of these are out of control such as genes or whether pesticides have been sprayed on food, while there are other things that we may be able to do in order to boost the nutrients that are available to our brains.
So what can we control? One thing can be by changing diet, and another way we can change the amount of nutrients available to the brain is by supplementing our bodies with nutrients that are otherwise unavailable to us. But how do we do this? Do we supplement with one single nutrient or multiple nutrients?
Since nutrients work better in combination with each other - so a supplement with a wide variety of nutrients would be better than a supplement with a single nutrient.
Source:Edx Nutrition and mental health

23/02/2025

FAST HUGS BID -ICU CHECKLIST
F=Feeding
A=Analgesia
S=Sedation
T=Thrombophyphylaxis

H=Head of bed elevation
U=Ulcer prophylaxis
G= Glucose control
S=Spontaneous Breathing Trial (SBT)

B=Bowel care
I=Indwelling catheter removal
D=De-escalation of antibiotics