08/01/2025
The 3 Fās Every Horse Needs - Food, Friends, and Freedom ā and why missing even one affects your horseās brain and body.
When we care for horses, itās easy to think in human terms ā what we would like, what seems cozy or convenient.
But horses aren't big, hairy humans. They have specific biological needs ā and when those needs arenāt met, stress hormones like cortisol rise.
Letās break it down:
1ļøā£ Food (Constant Forage, Not Two Meals a Day)
Horses evolved to graze 16ā18 hours a day. Their stomachs constantly produce acid ā even if they're not eating.
š¬ When their stomach is empty for long periods, it can lead to ulcers, stress behaviours, and chronic cortisol release.
2ļøā£ Friends (Real Social Interaction)
Horses are herd animals that communicate constantly ā through movement, grooming, pushing, biting, or positioning their bodies.
Without social contact, horses experience social stress, which spikes cortisol and impacts their nervous system, heart rate, and overall regulation.
3ļøā£ Freedom (The Need to Move)
The horse brain is wired for motion ā especially the cerebellum, which plays a major role in processing movement and environmental feedback.
Confinement reduces this input and creates a mismatch between what their brain needs and what their environment provides.
š§ This can lead to frustration, unpredictability, and chronic stress.
ā ļø Letās Talk About Cortisol
Cortisol is the horseās main stress hormone. A short-term spike (e.g., during learning or brief stress) is normal and healthy.
But if one or more of the 3 Fās is missing consistently, cortisol levels stay elevated.
š„ Chronic cortisol:
- Weakens the immune system
- Slows down healing
- Disrupts digestion
- Impairs learning
- Shrinks the hippocampus (memory center) over time
Can lead to learned helplessness and withdrawal
ā
Whatās Best for the Horse ā Not the Human
Itās not about what we think is nice.
A padded stall, solo turnout without any contact to other horses, or breakfast and dinner feeding might feel right to us, but it doesnāt match the biology of a horse.
If we want our horses to thrive, we need to stop humanizing them and start understanding them ā biologically, neurologically, and behaviourally.
When we provide consistent Food, Friends, and Freedom, weāre not being idealistic ā weāre giving horses what their systems are designed to function on.
Letās build care around what they need, not what we imagine.