01/25/2026
Understanding the link between micronutrients and depression
Depression is a complex condition with many causes from genetics, trauma, and chronic stress to inflammation and neurotransmitter imbalances. Micronutrient deficiencies do not explain all cases of depression. But for some individuals, inadequate levels of key vitamins and minerals can worsen brain function and mood regulation.
🔹 B Vitamins (B6, B12, Folate)
These vitamins regulate homocysteine metabolism and support methylation pathways.
Low levels can disrupt mitochondrial energy production and growth factor signaling, impairing neurotransmitter synthesis.
🟢 Example: Deficiency here can reduce serotonin production from tryptophan, which may worsen low mood.
🔹 Vitamin D
Acts like a hormone in the brain, influencing gene expression and calcium buffering.
Deficiency increases oxidative stress and reduces neuroprotection.
🟢 Example: Low vitamin D is consistently linked with higher risk of depressive symptoms, especially in individuals with limited sun exposure.
🔹 Other Nutrients (C, Zinc, Magnesium)
Vitamin C, zinc, and magnesium help stabilize neurotransmitter release and antioxidant defenses.
Low levels are associated with fatigue, poor stress resilience, and mood disturbances.
🟢 Example: Magnesium deficiency has been tied to both anxiety and depression in observational studies.
Not all depression stems from micronutrient deficiency.
But nutrient inadequacy can exacerbate existing vulnerabilities, reduce treatment response, or contribute to “treatment-resistant” depression in some individuals.
Correcting deficiencies may support, but not replace, standard care (therapy, medication, lifestyle interventions).