
01/21/2024
The fascinating Barabar Hill Caves, India's oldest surviving rock-cut caves dating back to the Maurya Empire (322-185 BCE). With their Ashokan inscriptions, these caves are located in Bihar's Jehanabad district, specifically in the Makhdumpur region, just 24 km (15 mi) north of Gaya. The Barabar group consists of four caves, while the Nagarjuni group boasts three caves, often referred to as the Nagarjuni Caves, situated 1.6 km (0.99 mi) away on the Nagarjuni Hill. These rock-cut chambers feature dedicatory inscriptions in the name of "King Piyadasi" for the Barabar group and "Devanampiya Dasaratha" for the Nagarjuni group. Scholars believe these inscriptions date back to the 3rd century BCE during the Maurya period, corresponding to the reign of Ashoka (273-232 BCE) and his grandson, Dasharatha Maurya.
The caves were once utilized by ascetics from the Ajivika sect, founded by Makkhali Gosala, a contemporary of Gautama Buddha, the founder of Buddhism, as well as Mahavira, the 24th and last Tirthankara of Jainism. Notably, the Ajivikas shared several similarities with both Buddhism and Jainism. Additionally, the site is adorned with rock-cut sculptures and inscriptions from later periods, representing both Buddhist and Hindu influences.
History Three Thousand