Jiadong

01/29/2023

All things God works for the good of those who love him
万事相互效力，叫爱神的人得益处

01/20/2022

氣
Synonyms: Qi Yuan Qi 气 精气
Qi, blood and body fluid, the essential substances for life activities, flow constantly inside the body and all originate from the viscera. They are produced by qi-transforming activities of the viscera and infused into the viscera to nourish the organs and tissues of the body.

Among the three, qi is the most active but invisible substance; blood and body fluid are visible, but must depend on the propelling action of qi to circulate in the whole body.

The basic concept of qi
The classic Chinese philosophy believes that the primary state of the universe is qi, the constant movement of which produces all the things in the universe, including life. Thus people in ancient China thought that the accumulation of qi would produce life while the dispersion of qi would put an end to life.

Qi is very active and in constant motion. Qi is also extremely fine and invisible.


Qi is the most essential substance that makes up the body and maintains life activities. All vital substances in the body are transformed by constant motion and change of qi. The viscera, the meridians, the five sensory organs, the nine orifices and the body itself are formed by the motion, transformation and accumulation of qi.

The production of qi
Qi exists right after the formation of individual life. This kind of qi is inherited from kidney-qi of the parents during pregnancy. So it is called "congenital qi" which is the foundation of the development of new life.

After birth, the human body keeps absorbing nutrients from the external world to nourish the congenital qi. This is the acquired source of qi, also known as "acquired qi". Acquired qi originates from food nutrients and fresh air inhaled into the body.


In fact, the "congenital qi"; and "acquired qi" are just two material sources of qi. The process of qi production also involves the other viscera. The inter-transformation among essence, qi, blood and body fluid influences the production of qi.

The physiological functions of qi
Qi is the essential substance that makes up the body and maintains various physiological activities. Qi in different viscera and organs functions differently. Generally speaking, there are five physiological functions of qi.

1. Propelling function
Qi is the motivation of the physiological functions of all the viscera and organs in the body. The propelling function of qi can stimulate and maintain the physiological functions of the viscera and other organs. That is why qi is called the root of life. Qi in different viscera and organs functions differently. For example, kidney-qi promotes the development of the body and reproduction, transform water and receive lung qi; heart-qi promotes blood circulation; lung-qi governs respiration and regulates water passage; spleen-qi promotes digestion and absorption of food and commands blood; liver-qi regulates various functions by smoothng the activity of qi. Weakness of qi in promotion will lead to hypofunction of the viscera and other organs and cause various deficiency problems.

2. Warming function
Qi warms the body and is the source of heat energy in the body. It is very important in maintaining normal body temperature and ensuring the physiological functions of all the viscera and organs. Since qi can warm the body, it is similar to yang in nature. So the kind of qi that warms the body is called "yang-qi";. All the five zang-organs have yang-qi respectively. For example, heart-yang warms and dredges blood vessels to promote blood circulation; lung-yang warms and nourishes skin and muscular interstices, preventing exogenous pathogenic factors from invading the body; spleen-yang warms and transforms food and water, promoting digestion and absorption; liver-yang steams and fumigates qi, promoting qi transformation in the five zang-organs and the six fu-organs; kidney-yang warms life-gate, stimulates reproduction and transforms water. If the warming function of qi is weakened, it will lead to stagnation of internal cold, unsmooth circulation of qi and blood and devitalization of the visceral functions.

3. Protecting function
Qi can protect the body, resisting the invasion of various pathogenic factors and preventing disease. As to pathogenic factors, the kind of qi that protects the body is called "healthy qi"; or "genuine qi". Healthy qi functions to protect the whole body against the invasion of pathogenic factors and, after the invasion of pathogenic factors into the body or onset of disease, to fight against the pathogenic factors to promote healing of disease. If the protecting function of qi is weakened, it mainly leads to decline of body resistance and susceptibility of the body to invasion of pathogenic factors.

4. Fixating function
Fixation of qi means that qi can astringe and control liquid substances, such as blood, body fluid and s***m, to prevent them from losing. To be specific, qi fixating blood means that qi keeps blood to flow inside the vessels and prevent it from flowing out of the vessels; qi fixating sweat, urine and saliva means that qi controls the secretion and excretion of these liquids so as to restrict the excretion and prevent loss; qi fixating s***m means that qi balances s*x function and prevents seminal emission. Besides defecation and location of the viscera are under the influence of the fixating function of qi. If the fixating function of qi is weakened, it will lead to loss of blood, body fluid and s***m. The weakness of the qi fixation may also lead to protracted diarrhea, incontinence of urine and stool as well as proctoptosis and hysteroptosis.

5. Qi-transforming function
Qi-transformation means changes caused by the movement of qi, which is the essential cause of the conception, development, growth and decline of life. Life activities concerned with qi-transformation can be divided into three categories. Firstly, through food and respiration the body absorbs nutrients from the external world and transforms them into essence, qi, blood and body fluid essential to the body. Secondly, inter-promotion among the refined substances (essence, qi, blood and body fluid etc.) is the process of automatic regulation, improvement and balance of life. Thirdly, waste substance and turbid qi are excreted out of the body in the process of life. If qi-transformation is weakened, the whole process of life will be in disorder or decline, leading to various diseases. The declination of qi-transformation even leads to death.

Functions of qi
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The moving styles of qi
Movement of qi is known as qi activity. It includes four forms, i. e., ascending, descending, exiting and entering. Upward movement of qi means ascending while downward movement of qi means descending. Though ascending and descending are opposite, they can be transformed into each other. When qi ascends to the supreme point, it begins to descend. Such a transformation is known as "extreme ascending changes into descending". When qi descends to the lowest point, it begins to ascend. Such a transformation is known as "extreme descending turns into ascending";. This is the upward and downward movement of qi under normal conditions.

Patterns of qi movement
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Coming in and going out, two opposite moving styles of qi, take place alternately. When qi disperses outward (going out) to a certain degree, it begins to restrain itself inward (coming in). When qi restrains itself inward(coming in) to a certain degree, it begins to disperse outward (going out). This is the external and internal movement of qi under normal conditions.

Ascending and descending, coming in and going out are two types of the motion of yin and yang, which coordinate with each other. For example, the activities of ascending and going out pertain to yang; the activities of descending and coming in pertain to yin. So ascending coordinates with going out while descending coordinates with coming in.


The ascending, descending, coming in and going out activities of qi are accomplished by the viscera and meridians. Each zang-organ or fu-organ may differ from others in the moving style of qi. For example, liver-qi is ascending, lung-qi is descending, spleen-qi is ascending and stomach-qi is descending, etc. The zang-organs and the fu-organs, though different from each other in the moving styles of qi, coordinate with each other and form a special system for regulating qi activity. For example, the liver and the lung restrict but coordinate with each other in ascending and descending; the spleen and the stomach associate and cooperate with each other in ascending and descending, etc. The meridians and collaterals are the important routes for qi to flow. With the different running directions of the meridians, the ascending and descending activities of qi also become different. The meridians of the viscera run from the internal to the external, qi in these meridians flows outward accordingly. If the meridians run from the external to the internal of the body, qi in these meridians will flow from the external to the internal. If the meridians run from the head to the lower part of the body, qi in these meridians will accordingly flow from the upper to the lower. If the meridians run from the feet upward, qi in these meridians will certainly flow upward.


The ascending, descending, coming in and going out activities of qi are very important to life. If these activities of qi are normal, the functions of the viscera and the meridians will be normal. If these activities are abnormal, the functions of the viscera and meridians will be in disorder. If these activities of qi stop, death will occur.

The classification of qi and its production, distribution and functional characteristics
There are various classifications and names of qi. Usually qi is classified into yuan-qi ( the primordial qi), zong-qi (the pectoral qi), ying-qi (the nutrient qi) and wei-qi ( the defensive qi).

Yuan-qi (primordial qi)
The primordial qi, also called primary qi or genuine qi, is the most essential qi in the body and the vital foundation of life.

The production of the primordial qi
The primordial qi mainly comes from kidney-qi of the parents during pregnancy. That is why TCM usually calls the primordial qi "the congenital qi". The power and quantity of the primordial qi are already fixed after birth. However, after birth the primordial qi still needs further nourishment and enrichment to enable it to be distributed to the whole body and to exert normal physiological effect. The primordial qi transformed from food nutrients provided by the spleen and stomach is called "acquired qi".

The distribution of the primordial qi
The primordial qi is stored in the kidney and distributed to all parts of the body through the triple energizer. The primordial qi transformed from food nutrients provided by the spleen and stomach must be stored in the kidney so that it can be distributed to the whole body. Though the primordial qi is distributed to all parts of the body, it originates from the kidney.

The functional characteristics of the primordial qi
The primordial qi shares the common functions of qi, such as propelling, warming, protecting, fixating and qi-transforming, etc. The functions of the primordial qi are different if its location is different. The characteristics of the primordial qi in the kidney include three aspects: to promote the growth and development of the body and maintain reproductive functions of the body; to promote qi transformation to regulate water metabolism and excretion of urine; to fixate s***m and inhaled fresh air to ensure the functions of the kidney to store essence and receive qi. The primordial qi distributed to all parts of the body warms and promotes all the viscera so as to bring their physiological functions into full play. For example, the spleen governs transportation and transformation; the lung governs respiration; the heart dominates blood; the liver controls dredging and dispersing; the stomach is responsible for reception ancl digestion, etc. These are all the concrete manifestations of the effect of the primordial qi on the viscera. Thus the primordial qi is the vital qi in the body and is the motivation of all life activities. The state of the primordial qi decides the state of life.

Zong-qi (the pectoral qi)
The pectoral qi is a kind of essential qi in the body. Since it is produced after birth, it is a kind of acquired essential qi. The pectoral qi accumulates in the chest. When transported from the chest, it is divided into ying-qi ( the nutrient qi) and wei-qi (the defensive qi) which are distributed to the whole body.

The production of the pectoral qi
The pectoral qi is produced by combining the fresh air inhaled by the lung with the food nutrients absorbed and transported by the spleen. The respiratory function of the lung and the transporting and transforming functions of the spleen influence the production of the pectoral qi.

The distribution of the pectoral qi
Since the pectoral qi accumulates in the chest, the chest is called "the sea of qi". Because the heart and the lung are located in the chest, the pectoral qi infuses into the heart and the lung and flows in the vessels and respiratory tract. So the state of the pectoral qi influences the functions of the heart vessels, the lung and the respiratory tract.

The functinal characteristics of the pectoral qi
The pectoral qi has two functions. One is to warm and nourish the heart vessels to maintain their functions in transporting qi and blood. The other is to warm and nourish the lung and the upper respiratory tract to maintain their functions in governing respiration and vocalization. If the pectoral qi is insufficient, it will lead to palpitation, shortness of breath and weak voice, etc.

Ying-qi (nutrient qi) and wei-qi (defensive qi)
The nutrient qi and the defensive qi all come from the pectoral qi and are closely related to each other in production and circulation. The nutrient qi pertains to yin and the defensive qi pertains to yang. So the nutrient qi and the defensive qi are also called ying-yin (nutrient yin) and wei-yang (defensive yang).

the production ot the nutrient qi and the defensive qi
Both the nutrient qi and the defensive qi come from the pectoral qi. The pectoral qi flows to the whole body from the chest in the form of the nutrient qi and the defensive qi. In terms of the production, the nutrient qi and the defensive qi, just like the pectoral qi, is produced by combining the fresh air inhaled by the lung with the food nutrients absorbed and transported by the spleen. The only difference lies in food nutrients. The nutrient qi comes from the "most essential part" of the food nutrients while the defensive qi comes from "the most active and powerful part" of the food nutrients.

The distribution of the nutrient qi and the defensive qi
The nutrient qi and the defensive qi are different in nature. The former, pertaining to yin in nature, flows inside the vessels while the latter, pertaining to yin in nature, flows outside the vessels. That also explains why the nutrient qi distributes in the internal organs while the defensive qi distributes over the surface of the body. Certainly there is the defensive qi in the internal organs and there is the nutrient qi in the superficies. But the nutrient qi mainly flows inside the internal organs and the defensive qi mainly circulates in the superficies.

The functional characteristics of the nutrient qi and the defensive qi
The nutrient qi and the defensive qi are different from each other in functional characteristics. The functional characteristics of the nutrient qi are marked by transformation into blood to nourish the whole body, especially nourishing the internal organs to maintain their physiological functions. The functional characteristics of the defensive qi are marked by warming and nourishing the body and protecting the body against pathogenic factors, especially warming and nourishing the muscles and superficies as well as regulating sweat so as to protect the body against pathogenic factors. The defensive qi pertains to yang. That is why it can warm the body. But it regulates sweat to excrete excessive yang-heat so as to maintain a constant body temperature.

10/15/2021

03/08/2021

Tai Ji
Synonyms: 太极 太極
Black part in tai ji refers to yin, white pot in clack refers to yang within yin; while white stands for yang and black pot in white means yin within yang. The circle of tai ji refers to “one”, representing the universe and infinities.

Tai ji quan is one of the Chinese manly arts and the quintessence of a country. On May the 20th, tai ji quan was listed as one of the first tier intangible cultural heritage. Tai ji quan is regarded as one way to prolong life and remain healthy. Different kinds of changing and transmission are all expressed within tai ji quan. Move and still, fast and slow, up and down, ahead and forward, in sight and out of sight, are perfectly conveyed through tai ji. What you’ve thought and even the tiniest actions can be controlled by oneself.

Tai ji quan is also categorized as physical and also national competition program. The character of its movements is as continuous running water that tai ji was once called“chang quan”which represents long and successive.

Healthy Tai ji
Tai ji quan plays heart and body healthy and energetic at the same time and that’s why plenty of men treat it as daily routine. Tai ji brings people not only strong body but a delighted mood which stimulates the potential talent and insights. Tai ji in China is accordance with both Chinese and foreign medical theories and is amazing on its effects.

Morning exercise of Tai ji
Popularization of Tai ji within recent years is due to its curative effects of illness. Various researches from medical, physiological, biochemical, anatomy, psychological and mechanical domains have been implemented, proving that tai ji, have remarkable effects on preventing falling down, high blood pressure, heart disease, lungs illness, hepatitis, arthropathy, gastroenteropathy, neurasthenia, tracheitis and so on.

morning exercise
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The only appropriate site for Tai ji exercise is a place of quiet and nature. And this makes the brain free and relaxed. Then he can remember the movements and gestures. With long time exercise, the practicers are able to follow the whole movements and concentrate on only one thing, which is good for brain. On other facets, Tai ji requires “QI cheng dan tian”which means using abdominal breath to increase air amount and depth, so as to accumulate blood circulation and improve body breathe functioning.

03/06/2021

cours de wild Goose Qigong et Taichi ( Style Yang or Chen)

Wild Goose Qigong

gentle movement
brings physical and mental balance
releases old stale energy (Qi)
develops our spiritual Qi
heals illness and relieves stress
strengthens our immune system
good for our internal organs
1800 year old skill

Taichi Quan

dynamic martial arts movement for health brings up energy levels loosens our joints improves flexibility and circulation strengthens our bones develops focus opens our energy channels

Bien pratique pour mieux être!

03/21/2020

Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) treatment

The COVID-19 belongs to plague in TCM with the etiology of epidemic factor exposure. Different regions can refer to the following plans for syndrome differentiation and treatment, according to the disease, local climate characteristics and different constitutions. Prescriptions which exceed maximum dose according to pharmacopoeia should be used under the guidance of a physician.

(1) Medical observation period

1.1 Clinical manifestation: fatigue with gastrointestinal discomfort

Recommended Chinese patent medicine: Huoxiang Zhengqi Capsule (Pill, Liquid, Oral liquid)

1.2 Clinical manifestation: fatigue with fever

Recommended Chinese patent medicines: Jinhua Qinggan Granule, Lianhua Qingwen Capsule (Granule), Shufeng Jiedu Capsule (Granule)

(2) Clinical treatment period (confirmed cases)

1) Qingfei Paidu Decoction

Scope of application: in accordance with the clinical observations of doctors in various locations, it is suitable for mild, moderate and severe cases, and can be used reasonably with the consideration of the actual conditions of critically ill patients.

The basic formula: Ma Huang (Ephedrae Herba) 9g, Zhi Gan Cao (Glycyrrhizae Radix) 6g, Xing Ren (Armeniacae Semen) 9g, Sheng Shi Gao (Gypsum fibrosum) (decocted first) 15-30g, Gui Zhi (Cinnamomi Ramulus) 9g, Ze Xie (Alismatis Rhizoma) 9g, Zhu Ling (Polyporus) 9g, Bai Zhu (Atractylodis macrocephalae Rhizoma) 9g, Fu Ling (Poria) 15g, Chai Hu (Bupleuri Radix) 16g, Huang Qin (Scutellariae Radix) 6g, Jiang Ban Xia (Pinellinae Rhizoma Praeparatum) 9g, Sheng Jiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma recens) 9g, Zi Wan (Asteris Radix) 9g, Kuan D**g Hua (Farfarae Flos) 9g, She Gan (Belamcandae Rhizoma) 9g, Xi Xin (Asari Radix et Rhizoma) 6g, Shan Yao (Dioscoreae Rhizoma) 12g, Zhi Shi (Aurantii Fructus immaturus) 6g, Chen Pi (Citri reticulatae Pericarpium) 6g, Huo Xiang (Pogostemonis Herba) 9g.

Administration: traditional Chinese herbal pieces in decoction. One package per day. Take warm twice (40 minutes after meal in the morning and evening). One course of treatment is for three packages.

If possible, half bowl of rice soup after taking the decoction is advised. For the patients with dry tongue due to fluid depletion, one bowl of rice soup is suggested. (Note: If no fever, the dosage of gypsum should be reduced. In case with fever or high fever, the amount of gypsum can be increased. If the symptoms improve but not toally recovered, continue the second course of treatment. If the patient has a special condition or other underlying diseases, the formula can be modified according to the actual situation in the second course. If the symptoms disappear, the drug should be discontinued.

Reference: The General Office of the National Health Commission of the people’s Republic of China The Office of the National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine “Notice on Recommending the Use of Qingfei Paidu Decoction in Pneumonia Treated with Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine for the COVID-19 Infection” (National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine Office Medical Letter [2020] No.22)

2) Mild case

① Cold-damp constraint in the lung pattern

Clinical manifestation: fever, fatigue, generalized body aches, cough, expectoration, chest tightness and labored breathing, poor appetite, nausea, vomiting and sticky stool, pale enlarged tongue with tooth marks or light red tongue and coating which is white, thick, curd-like, and greasy or white and greasy, and soggy of slippery pulse.

Recommended formula: Sheng Ma Huang (Ephedrae Herba) 6g, Sheng Shi Gao (Gypsum fibrosum) 15g, Xing Ren (Armeniacae Semen) 9g, Qiang Huo (Notopterygii Rhizoma seu Radix) 15g, Ting Li Zi (Lepidii/Descurainiae Semen) 15g, Guan Zhong (Cyrtomii Rhizoma) 9g, Di Long (Pheretima) 15g, Xu Chang Qing (Cynanchi paniculati Radix) 15g, Huo Xiang (Pogostemonis Herba) 15g, Pei Lan (Eupatorii Herba) 9g, Cang Zhu (Atractylodis Rhizoma) 15g, Yun Ling (Poria) 45g, Sheng Bai Zhu (Atractylodis macrocephalae Rhizoma) 30g, Jiao San Xian (Jiao Shan Zha (Crataegi Fructus), Jiao Shen Qu (Massa medicate fermentata), and Jiao Mai Ya (Hordei Fructus germinatus)) 9g each, Hou Po (Magnoliae officinalis Cortex) 15g, Jiao Bing Lang (Arecae Semen) 9g, Wei Cao Guo (Tsaoko Fructus) 9g, Sheng Jiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma recens) 15g.

Administration: one package daily, 600ml after decocting, divide into three times, equally in the morning, afternoon and evening, take before meal.

② Damp-heat accumulation in the lung pattern

Clinical manifestation: low-grade fever or absence of fever, slight aversion to cold, fatigue, heavy sensation in the head and body, muscle soreness, dry cough with little sputum, sore throat, thirst without desire to drink, or accompanied with chest tightness and epigastric fullness, absence of sweating or disturbed hidrosis, or vomiting with anorexia, loose stool or sticky stool. The tongue is light red and coating is white, thick and greasy or thin and yellow. The pulse is slippery and rapid or soggy.

Recommended formula: Bing Lang (Arecae Semen) 10g, Cao Guo (Tsaoko Fructus) 10g, Hou Po (Magnoliae officinalis Cortex) 10g, Zhi Mu (Anemarrhenae Rhizoma) 10g, Huang Qin (Scutellariae Radix) 10g, Chai Hu (Bupleuri Radix) 10g, Chi Shao (Paeoniae Radix rubra) 10g, Lian Qiao (Forsythiae Fructus) 15g, Qing Hao (Artemisiae annuae Herba) (added later) 10g, Cang Zhu (Atractylodis Rhizoma) 10g, Da Qjng Ye (Isatidis Folium) 10g, Sheng Gan Cao (Glycyrrhizae Radix) 5g.

Administration: one pack daily, 400ml after decocting, divide into twice, and half in the morning and half in the evening.

3) Moderate case

① Damp-toxin constraint in the lung pattern

Clinical manifestation: fever, cough with little sputum or yellow sputum, chest tightness and shortness of breath, abdominal distension, and constipation with difficult defecation. The tongue body is dark-red, and tongue shape is enlarged. The cotaing is yellow greasy or yellow dry. The pulse is slippery and rapid or wiry and slippery.

Recommended formula: Sheng Ma Huang (Ephedrae Herba) 6g, Ku Xing Ren (Armeniacae Semen) 15g, Sheng Shi Gao (Gypsum fibrosum) 30g, Sheng Yi Yi Ren (Coicis Semen) 30g, Mao Cang Zhu (Atractylodis Rhizoma) 10g, Guang Huo Xiang (Pogostemonis Herba) 15g, Qing Hao Cao (Artemisiae annuae Herba) 12g, Hu Zhang (Polygoni cuspidati Rhizoma) 20g, Ma Bian Cao (Verbenae Herba) 30g, Gan Lu Gen (Phragmitis Rhizoma) 30g, Ting Li Zi (Lepidii/Descurainiae Semen) 15g, Hua Ju Hong (Citri grandis Exocarpium rubrum) 15g, Sheng Gan Cao (Glycyrrhizae Radix) 10g.

Administration: one package daily, 400ml after decocting, and equally divide into twice, in the morning and evening.

② Cold-damp obstructing the lung pattern

Clinical manifestation: low-grade fever, unsurfaced fever or no fever, dry cough with little sputum, lassitude and fatigue, chest tightness, stomach discomfort, or nausea, and loose stool. The tongue is pale or light red and coating is white or white greasy. The pulse is soggy.

Recommended formula: Cang Zhu (Atractylodis Rhizoma) 15g, Chen Pi (Citri reticulatae Pericarpium) 10g, Hou Po (Magnoliae officinalis Cortex) 10g, Huo Xiang (Pogostemonis Herba) 10g, Cao Guo (Tsaoko Fructus) 6g, ShengMa Huang (Ephedrae Herba) 6g, Qiang Huo (Notopterygii Rhizoma seu Radix) 10g, Sheng Jiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma recens) 10g, Bing Lang (Arecae Semen) 10g.

Administration: one package daily, 400ml after decocting, and equally divide into twice, in the morning and evening.

4) Severe case

① Epidemic toxin blocking the lung pattern

Clinical manifestation: fever with red face, cough with little yellow and sticky sputum, or blood-stained sputum, chest tightness and short of breath, lassitude, dryness, bitterness and stickiness in the mouth, nausea and loss of appetite, difficult defecation, and scanty dark urine. The tongue is red with yellow greasy coating. The pulse is slippery and rapid.

Recommended formula: Huashi Baidu Formula

The basic formula: Sheng Ma Huang (Ephedrae Herba) 6g, Xing Ren (Armeniacae Semen) 9g, Sheng Shi Gao (Gypsum fibrosum) 15g, Gan Cao (Glycyrrhizae Radix) 3g, Huo Xiang (Pogostemonis Herba) (added later) 10g, Hou Po (Magnoliae officinalis Cortex) 10g, Cang Zhu (Atractylodis Rhizoma) 15g, Cao Guo (Tsaoko Fructus) 10g, Fa Ban Xia (Pinellinae Rhizoma Praeparatum) 9g, Fu Ling (Poria) 15g, Sheng Da Huang (Rhei Radix et Rhizoma) (added later) 5g, Sheng Huang Qi (Astragali Radix) 10g, Ting Li Zi (Lepidii/Descurainiae Semen) 10g, Chi Shao (Paeoniae Radix rubra) 10g.

Administration: 1-2 packages daily, decoction, 100-200ml each time, 2-4 times per day, oral administration or nasal feeding.

② Blazing of both qi and ying pattern

Clinical manifestation: high fever with polydipsia, tachypnoea and shortness of breath, delirium and unconsciousness, blurred vision or accompanied with macules and papules, or hematemesis, epistaxis or convulsion of the four limbs. The tongue is crimson with little or no coating. The pulse is deep, thready and rapid, or floating, large and rapid pulse.

Recommended formula: Sheng Shi Gao (Gypsum fibrosum) (decocted first) 30-60g, Zhi Mu (Anemarrhenae Rhizoma) 30g, Sheng Di (Rehmanniae Radix) 30-60g, Shui Niu Jiao (Bubali Cornu) (decocted first) 30g, Chi Shao (Paeoniae Radix rubra) 30g, Xuan Shen (Scrophulariae Radix) 30g, Lian Qiao (Forsythiae Fructus) 15g, Dan Pi (Moutan Cortex) 15g, Huang Lian (Coptidis Rhizoma) 6g, Zhu Ye (Phyllostachys nigrae Folium) 12g, Ting Li Zi (Lepidii/Descurainiae Semen) 15g, Sheng Gan Cao (Glycyrrhizae Radix) 6g.

Administration: one pack daily, decoction, Shi Gao and Shui Niu Jiao should be decocted first, 100-200 ml each time, 2-4 times per day, oral administration or nasal feeding.

Recommended Chinese patent medicines: Xiyanping injection, Xuebijing injection, Reduning injection, Tanreqing injection, and Xingnaojing injection. Drugs with similar effects can be selected according to individual conditions, or can be used in combination according to clinical symptoms. Traditional Chinese medicine injection can be used together with TCM decoction.

5) Critical case

① Internal blockage and external desertion pattern

Clinical manifestation: Dyspnea, panting on exertion or mechanical ventilation required, accompanied with unconsciousness and dysphoria, sweating, cold extremities. The tongue is dark and purple with thick greasy or dry coating. The pulse is floating and large without root.

Recommended formula: Take Su He Xiang Wan or Angong Niuhuang Wan with the following decoction composed of Ren Shen (Ginseng Radix) 15g, Hei Shun Pian (Aconiti Radix lateralis praeparata) (decocted first) 10g, Shan Zhu Yu (Corni Fructus) 15g.

If there is mechanical ventilation with abdominal distension, constipation or difficult defecation, 5-10g of Sheng Da Huang (Rhei Radix et Rhizoma) can be considered. If patient-ventilator asynchrony occurs, 5-10g of Sheng Da Huang and 5-10g of Mang Xiao (Natrii Sulfas) can be used together with sedation and muscle relaxant.

Recommended Chinese patent medicines: Xuebijing injection, Reduning injection, Tanreqing injection, Xingnaojing injection, Shenfu injection, Shengmai injection, and Shenmai injection. Drugs with similar effects can be selected according to individual conditions, or can be used in combination according to clinical symptoms. Traditional Chinese medicine injection can be used together with TCM decoction.

Note: Recommended usage of TCM injections for severe and critical cases

The use of TCM injections follows the principle of starting from a small dosage and modifying based on pattern identification in the instructions. The recommended usage is as follows:

Viral infection or combined with mild bacterial infection: 0.9% sodium chloride injection 250ml with Xiyanping injection 100mg (bid), or 0.9% sodium chloride injection 250ml with Reduning injection 20ml, or 0.9% sodium chloride injection 250ml with Tanreqing injection 40ml (bid).

High fever with disturbance of consciousness: 0.9% sodium chloride injection 250ml with Xingnaojing injection 20ml (bid).

Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) or / and multiple organ failure (M*F): 0.9% sodium chloride injection 250ml with Xuebijing injection 100ml (bid).

Immunosuppression: glucose injection 250ml with Shenmai injection 100ml or Shengmai injection 20-60ml (bid).

6) Convalescence

① Lung-spleen qi deficiency pattern

Clinical manifestation: shortness of breath, lassitude and fatigue, poor appetite with nausea and vomiting, abdominal fullness, a sense of incomplete evacuation, and sticky loose stool. The tongue is pale and enlarged with white greasy coating.

Recommended formula: Fa Ban Xia (Pinellinae Rhizoma Praeparatum) 9g, Chen Pi (Citri reticulatae Pericarpium) 10g, Dang Shen (Codonopsis Radix) 15g, Zhi Huang Qi (Astragali Radix) 30g, Chao Bai Zhu (Atractylodis macrocephalae Rhizoma) 10g, Fu Ling (Poria) 15g, Huo Xiang (Pogostemonis Herba) 10g, Sha Ren (AmomiFructus) (added later) 6g, Gan Cao (Glycyrrhizae Radix) 6g.

Administration: one package daily, 400ml after decocting, and equally divide into twice in the morning and evening.

② Deficiency of both qi and yin pattern

Clinical manifestation: fatigue, shortness of breath, dry mouth, thirst, heart palpitation, profuse sweating, poor appetite, low-grade fever or no fever, dry cough with little sputum. The tongue is dry tongue with scanty fluid. The pulse is thready or weak and forceless.

Recommended formula: Nan Sha Shen (Adenophorae Radix) 10g, Bei Sha Shen (Glehniae Radix) 10g, Mai D**g (Ophiopogonis Radix) 15g, Xi Yang Shen (Panacis quinquefolii Radix) 6g, Wu Wei Zi (Schisandrae Fructus) 6g, Sheng Shi Gao (Gypsum fibrosum) 15g, Dan Zhu Ye (Lophatheri Herba) 10g, Sang Ye (Mori Folium) 10g, Lu Gen (Phragmitis Rhizoma) 15g, Dan Shen (Salviae miltiorrhizae Radix) 15g, Sheng Gan Cao (Glycyrrhizae Radix) 6g.

Administration: one package daily, 400ml after decocting, and equally divide into twice in the morning and evening.

　　Translated by Beijing University of Chinese Medicine