04/04/2022
๐ธ๐๐๐๐ ๐๐ช๐ ๐ค๐๐ค ๐๐จ๐๐ฃ๐๐๐๐ค๐ค ๐๐ ๐๐ฅ๐
Adenomyosis is the presence of endometrial glands or stromal tissues in the myometrium. The tissues are situated at least 2.5 mm below the endometrial-myometrial junction (๐๐ข๐ฏ๐จ ๐๐ฉ ๐ฆ๐ต ๐ข๐ญ., 2009). Adenomyosis was described by Rokitansky in 1860 as adenomyoma, and in 1869 by Von Recklinghausen.
Statistically, adenomyosis is considered to be a disease that mostly affects women in their 30s. That is mostly because historically, it has been diagnosed by histology of the hysterectomy specimens. The most common symptoms are heavy menstrual bleeding and intense pelvic pain.
Presently we can see adenomyosis being diagnosed more and more frequently among young patients. As imaging techniques have developed, it is now easier to diagnose the disease.
The two most accepted theories regarding the etiology of the disease are that of a disrupted boundary between the deepest layer of the endometrium (endometrium basalis) and the underlying myometrium and an embryologic mechanism whereby pluripotent Mullerian stem cells undergo inappropriate differentiation leading to ectopic endometrial tissue.
A rare form of the disease, named juvenile cystic adenomyosis (๐๐ฐ๐จ๐ข๐ฏ ๐, ๐๐ฐ๐ฅ๐ฆ ๐, ๐๐ข๐ข๐ต๐ญ๐ช ๐, ๐๐ฆรง๐ช๐ญ ๐. ๐๐ถ๐ท๐ฆ๐ฏ๐ช๐ญ๐ฆ ๐ค๐บ๐ด๐ต๐ช๐ค ๐ข๐ฅ๐ฆ๐ฏ๐ฐ๐ฎ๐บ๐ฐ๐ด๐ช๐ด ๐ฎ๐ช๐ฎ๐ช๐ค๐ฌ๐ช๐ฏ๐จ ๐ถ๐ต๐ฆ๐ณ๐ช๐ฏ๐ฆ ๐ฎ๐ข๐ญ๐ง๐ฐ๐ณ๐ฎ๐ข๐ต๐ช๐ฐ๐ฏ: ๐ข ๐ค๐ข๐ด๐ฆ ๐ณ๐ฆ๐ฑ๐ฐ๐ณ๐ต. ๐๐ณ๐ค๐ฉ ๐๐บ๐ฏ๐ฆ๐ค๐ฐ๐ญ ๐๐ฃ๐ด๐ต๐ฆ๐ต. 2008 ๐๐ฆ๐ค;278(6):593-5; ๐๐ณ๐ช๐ฑ๐ญ๐ข๐ฏ๐ช ๐, ๐๐ข๐ฉ๐ฆ๐บ ๐, ๐๐จ๐ข๐ณ๐ธ๐ข๐ญ ๐, ๐๐ฉ๐ข๐ต๐ญ๐ข ๐, ๐ ๐ข๐ฅ๐ข๐ท ๐, ๐๐ช๐ฏ๐จ๐ฉ ๐๐. ๐๐ข๐ฑ๐ข๐ณ๐ฐ๐ด๐ค๐ฐ๐ฑ๐ช๐ค ๐ฎ๐ข๐ฏ๐ข๐จ๐ฆ๐ฎ๐ฆ๐ฏ๐ต ๐ฐ๐ง ๐ซ๐ถ๐ท๐ฆ๐ฏ๐ช๐ญ๐ฆ ๐ค๐บ๐ด๐ต๐ช๐ค ๐ข๐ฅ๐ฆ๐ฏ๐ฐ๐ฎ๐บ๐ฐ๐ฎ๐ข: ๐ง๐ฐ๐ถ๐ณ ๐ค๐ข๐ด๐ฆ๐ด. ๐ ๐๐ช๐ฏ๐ช๐ฎ ๐๐ฏ๐ท๐ข๐ด๐ช๐ท๐ฆ ๐๐บ๐ฏ๐ฆ๐ค๐ฐ๐ญ. 2011 ๐๐ข๐บ-๐๐ถ๐ฏ;18(3):343-8.) is seen in women younger than 30. This juvenile cystic adenomyosis is characterized by more extensive hemorrhage within myometrial cysts and itโs usually resistant to medication.
Adenomyosis often co-exists with other entities within the differential diagnosis, most commonly leiomyoma (50%), endometriosis (11%), and endometrial polyps (7%) (๐๐ต๐ณ๐ถ๐ฃ๐ญ๐ฆ ๐, ๐๐ฆ๐ช๐ฅ ๐, ๐๐ฆ๐ฅ๐ข๐ช๐ธ๐บ ๐๐. ๐๐ฅ๐ฆ๐ฏ๐ฐ๐ฎ๐บ๐ฐ๐ด๐ช๐ด: ๐ ๐๐ญ๐ช๐ฏ๐ช๐ค๐ข๐ญ ๐๐ฆ๐ท๐ช๐ฆ๐ธ ๐ฐ๐ง ๐ข ๐๐ฉ๐ข๐ญ๐ญ๐ฆ๐ฏ๐จ๐ช๐ฏ๐จ ๐๐บ๐ฏ๐ฆ๐ค๐ฐ๐ญ๐ฐ๐จ๐ช๐ค ๐๐ฐ๐ฏ๐ฅ๐ช๐ต๐ช๐ฐ๐ฏ. ๐ ๐๐ช๐ฏ๐ช๐ฎ ๐๐ฏ๐ท๐ข๐ด๐ช๐ท๐ฆ ๐๐บ๐ฏ๐ฆ๐ค๐ฐ๐ญ. 2016 ๐๐ฆ๐ฃ 01;23(2):164-85). This complicates diagnosis and treatment planning.