05/01/2018
Important cold weather information for horsekeeping is well captured in this veterinarian’s update. Stay warm everyone! ❄️
Old man winter is in full swing!
I have had several calls on how to keep horses warm and comfortable during this cold snap! I hope this offers some insight to some of your questions!
There are several ways in which you can keep your horses happy and warm during this unpleasant weather. Horses usually have an uncanny ability to survive in the cold. Their hair coat is actually designed to insulate them in cold weather. However, if their coat gets wet they lose this insulating ability. It is important to make sure that they have ample shelter to get out of the elements. (The picture is meant to show how you can provide shelter but they don't always use it! Yes, these are my personal horses) The shelter is accessible for them to keep dry on wet snowy days, which in turn helps them to stay warm.
The NUMBER 1 way to keep your horses warm is to feed them good quality hay! Timothy, alfalfa, orchard grass, or a mix of these are all great options.
Why is hay the key? When horses digest hay, heat is produced and it helps to keep them warm. Those little microbes that live in their gut digest high fiber feeds such as hay which generates heat. So yes, horses are quite the p**p factory! But in this case its good! The microbes live in their cecum and large colon so this is where a horses furnace is.
High fiber feeds, such as hay, produce more heat during digestion than low fiber feeds such as grain. Oats even though are a low fiber grain, will also produce more heat during digestion compared to commercial grains due to the fiber found in their hull.
It is important to remember energy needs to be increased during cold weather,and grain can be fed, but if you want them to produce more heat you need to feed them good quality hay.
For each 10 degrees below 30 degrees F, horses require an additional two pounds of feed with an energy density of 1 mega calorie per pound which is about the average of most hay.
In very extreme conditions it may be impossible to meet their caloric needs with just hay especially if they do not have shelter.
Blanketing is also a good option for horses that do not winter well. Remember, a blanket only works if your horse is dry. Always check that your blanket fits properly so they do not get rubs or sores. A dirty or wet blanket can lead to skin conditions such as a fungal infection.
It is better to use a heavier blanket also because if you use too light of a blanket, because even though it is light, it doesn’t allow the hair to stand up and insulate. A blanket that is too light insulation wise can cause your horse to actually become chilled. For subzero weather a heavy weight blanket such as one that is 400 grams or more insulation should be used to take over for what the natural hair coat isn’t able to provide while being blanketed.
Yes, both blankets will not allow the hair to stand up and insulate which is why it is better to use a heavier blanket if you choose to blanket your horse during frigid weather.
Being able to move around also helps keep them warm. When they are in a stall, they are not able to generate heat from their muscles. Moving around also helps them to digest their food better and keeps the gut moving. They are usually more content also.
Make sure they also have access to water that is not frozen! Adding an alfalfa mash, hay pellet mash, or a senior complete feed mash, also increases their water intake. Make sure they have access to a salt or mineral block (this will encourage more water intake).
Make sure your heated troughs and buckets are properly grounded. If the water isn't going down in the buckets or troughs its time to investigate if there is a problem with the water source. If you don't have heated buckets or ability to have them, rubber buckets can be thrown on the ground and the ice can be busted out easily. Add warm/hot water back in the bucket (drinkable temp). Horses have been shown to drink more water if it is heated to above freezing.
Lack of water in their diet means a call to me for most likely an impaction colic!
We hope everyone is staying warm!
Think spring!
Dr. Kate